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What the sources say

Yellowfin TunaThunnus albacares

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Yellowfin Tuna profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 46 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Collette et al. 2021

Collette et al. (2021). Thunnus albacares. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T21857A46624561.

The page saysLeast Concern
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: stats.conservationStatus
The page saysThe latest Red List assessment rates the species Least Concern.
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: GBIF copy checked against taxon id 21857
The page saysThe IUCN Red List rates the species Least Concern.
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).

Source
02

NOAA Fisheries

Pacific Yellowfin Tuna. NOAA Fisheries.

The page saysFish, squid and crustaceans
The source saysfeed near the top of the food chain on fish, squid, and crustaceansNote: stats.diet
The page saysYellowfin are torpedo-shaped, metallic dark blue on the back, and yellow to silver on the belly
The source saysYellowfin tuna are torpedo-shaped. They are metallic dark blue on the back and upper sides and change from yellow to silver on the belly.
The page sayswith bright-yellow dorsal and anal fins and finlets
The source saystheir dorsal and anal fins and finlets are bright yellow
The page saysNOAA Fisheries says yellowfin grow fast, up to 6 feet long and 400 pounds.
The source saysYellowfin tuna grow fast, up to 6 feet long and 400 pounds
The page saysThe same agency gives the Pacific stock a somewhat short life span of 6 to 7 years
The source sayshave a somewhat short life span of 6 to 7 years
The page saysMost can reproduce by age 2
The source saysMost yellowfin tuna are able to reproduce when they reach age 2.
The page saysfemales can spawn almost daily, releasing millions of eggs each time
The source saysFemales can spawn almost daily and release millions of eggs each time they spawn.
The page saysYellowfin live in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world
The source saysYellowfin tuna are found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world
The page saysThey are highly migratory.
The source saysYellowfin tuna are highly migratory and travel long distances throughout the warm ocean.
The page saysThey feed near the top of the food chain on fish, squid and crustaceans
The source saysAdult yellowfin tuna feed near the top of the food chain on fish, squid, and crustaceans.
The page saysthey are known to gather around floating debris, anchored buoys and dolphins
The source saysknown to gather around drifting flotsam (natural floating debris), fish aggregating devices (FADs), anchored buoys, dolphins, and other large marine animals
The page saysMarine mammals, billfish and sharks feed on the adults.
The source saysMarine mammals, billfish, and sharks feed on adult tuna.
The page saysNOAA's most recent assessments (2023 for the Eastern Pacific stock, 2020 for the Central and Western Pacific) find both stocks neither overfished nor subject to overfishing.
The source saysAccording to the most recent stock assessments: The Eastern Pacific stock is not overfished and not subject to overfishing (2023 stock assessment). Summary stock assessment information can be found on Stock SMART . The Central and Western Pacific stock is not overfished and is not subject to overfishing (2020 stock assessment)
The page saysIn 2024, US commercial landings of Pacific yellowfin totalled 9.8 million pounds.
The source saysIn 2024, commercial landings of Pacific yellowfin tuna totaled 9.8 million pounds
The page saysNOAA calls it a somewhat short life span of 6 to 7 years for the Pacific stock, and says most can reproduce once they reach age 2.
The source sayssomewhat short life span of 6 to 7 years. Most yellowfin tuna are able to reproduce when they reach age 2.
The page saysNOAA calls them very productive.
The source saysYellowfin are very productive.
The page saysNot very long.
The source sayshave a somewhat short life span of 6 to 7 yearsNote: faq 2 lead
The page saysGrow Fast, Spawn Often
The source saysYellowfin tuna grow fast ... Females can spawn almost dailyNote: heading

Source
03

NOAA Fisheries

Atlantic Yellowfin Tuna. NOAA Fisheries.

The page saysA warm-muscled torpedo that can swim across an entire ocean.
The source sayscan swim across an entire oceanNote: tagline, ocean crossing
The page saysNOAA says yellowfin can swim across an entire ocean
The source saysYellowfin tuna are highly migratory and can swim across an entire ocean.

Source
04

FishBase

Thunnus albacares summary page. FishBase.

The page saysusually in the top 250 m
The source saysdepth range 1 - 1602 m, usually 1 - 250 mNote: stats.habitat
The page saysFishBase lists them as absent from the Mediterranean
The source saysWorldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, but absent from the Mediterranean Sea.
The page saysFishBase gives a maximum length of 239 cm, measured to the fork of the tail, and a maximum published weight of 200 kg. A more common length is 150 cm.
The source saysMax length : 239 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637 ); common length : 150 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168 ); max. published weight: 200.0 kg
The page saysTropical and subtropical oceans worldwide
The source saysWorldwide in tropical and subtropical seasNote: stats.habitat
The page saysabsent from the Mediterranean
The source saysbut absent from the Mediterranean SeaNote: stats.habitat
The page saysthough FishBase lists a maximum reported age of 18 years
The source saysmax. reported age: 18 years

Source
05

Altringham & Block 1997

Altringham & Block (1997). Why Do Tuna Maintain Elevated Slow Muscle Temperatures? Power Output Of Muscle Isolated From Endothermic And Ectothermic Fish. Journal of Experimental Biology.

The page saysA warm-muscled torpedo that can swim across an entire ocean.
The source saysregional endothermy has evolved in the muscle of some tunasNote: tagline, warm muscle
The page saysa heat exchanger holding a 10 degrees C temperature difference would typically double the muscle's peak power
The source saysA counter-current heat exchanger which could maintain a 10 degrees C temperature differential would typically double maximum muscle power outputNote: stats.superpower
The page saysIts swimming muscle is regionally endothermic: warmed in part by heat the fish makes itself.
The source saysregional endothermy has evolved in the muscle of some tunas ... the endothermic yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)
The page saysslow muscle fibres from yellowfin and from bonito
The source saysisolated bundles of slow muscle fibres from the endothermic yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and its ectothermic relative the bonito (Sarda chiliensis)
The page saysholding a 10 degrees C difference would typically double the muscle's maximum power output
The source saysA counter-current heat exchanger which could maintain a 10 degrees C temperature differential would typically double maximum muscle power output
The page saysa heat exchanger holding a 10 degree difference would typically double the muscle's peak output
The source saysA counter-current heat exchanger which could maintain a 10 degrees C temperature differential would typically double maximum muscle power outputNote: vibe.reason

Source
06

Pavlov et al. 2017

Pavlov et al. (2017). Hydraulic control of tuna fins: A role for the lymphatic system in vertebrate locomotion. Science.

The page saysA study of tunas found a hydraulic system in their median fins
The source saysa musculo-vascular complex, consisting of fin muscles, bones, and lymphatic vessels, is involved in the hydraulic control of median finsNote: scope: tunas, family Scombridae
The page saysfin muscles, bones and lymphatic vessels (part of the system that manages body fluid) are involved in controlling them
The source saysthe mammalian lymphatic system, which is involved in immune response and fluid homeostasis ... a musculo-vascular complex, consisting of fin muscles, bones, and lymphatic vessels, is involved in the hydraulic control of median fins

Source
07

Wright et al. 2021

Wright et al. (2021). Yellowfin Tuna Behavioural Ecology and Catchability in the South Atlantic: The Right Place at the Right Time (and Depth). Frontiers in Marine Science.

The page saysTagged yellowfin in the South Atlantic dived to a maximum depth of 1,014 m and met water as cold as 6.4°C.
The source saysYFT from the present study had dives to a maximum depth of 1014 m and experienced ambient water temperatures as low as 6.4°C
The page saysTags in the South Atlantic showed fish staying shallow, under 50 m, through the night
The source saysDuring the night, YFT consistently remained shallow (<50 m)
The page saysthen spending more of the day deep, past 100 m
The source saysduring the day more time was spent deep (>100 m)
The page saysrecorded dives to a maximum depth of 1,014 m, in water as cold as 6.4°C
The source saysYFT from the present study had dives to a maximum depth of 1014 m and experienced ambient water temperatures as low as 6.4°C
The page saysSatellite and archival tags on yellowfin near St Helena in the South Atlantic
The source saysArchival and pop-up satellite tags (PSAT) were used in the South Atlantic Ocean around St Helena
The page saysThe same study cites an earlier one that recorded a maximum depth of 1,600 m.
The source sayswhich is within the range reported in previous studies [max depth of 1,600 m ( Schaefer et al., 2014 )]

Source
08

Lam et al. 2020

Lam et al. (2020). Complex Dispersal of Adult Yellowfin Tuna From the Main Hawaiian Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science.

The page saysSome adults tagged off Kaua'i in Hawaii made rapid dispersals of more than 800 km
The source saysrapid, long-distance (>800 km) dispersals in multiple directions for others
The page saysadults tagged off Kaua'i
The source saysAdult yellowfin tuna frequenting the MHI have more complex movements than previously assumed.Note: abstract also says tagged 'off Kaua'i' with popup satellite archival tags
The page saysweightKg: 60
The source saysnineteen yellowfin tuna (41–91 kg, estimated whole weight)Note: task #1267: midpoint of the tagged adults; Medium class across the whole range. NOAA's 400 lb and FishBase's 200 kg are maximums

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.