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What the sources say

SpringbokAntidorcas marsupialis

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Springbok profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 39 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

Profile updated

Source
01

Animal Diversity Web

Antidorcas marsupialis. Animal Diversity Web.

The page saysA gazelle-like antelope that bounces on stiff legs
The source saysThe springbok is a strikingly marked, gazellelike antelope.Note: tagline
The page saysA gazelle-like antelope that bounces on stiff legs
The source saysa series of stiff-legged vertical leapsNote: tagline
The page saysflares a hidden crest of white hair
The source saysThis fold can be opened in times of excitement to display a crest of white hair.Note: tagline
The page saysTreeless savanna by dry lake beds in south and southwestern Africa
The source saysSpringbok range includes south and southwestern AfricaNote: stats.habitat
The page saysTreeless savanna by dry lake beds in south and southwestern Africa
The source saystreeless savanna associated with the edges of dry lake bedsNote: stats.habitat
The page saysGrass and browse, with flowers in the dry season
The source saysusing both grass and browseNote: stats.diet
The page saysGrass and browse, with flowers in the dry season
The source saysduring which time flowers are eatenNote: stats.diet
The page saysPronking: stiff-legged vertical leaps up to 3.5 m high
The source saysa series of stiff-legged vertical leaps up to 3.5m high. This behavior is known as pronkingNote: stats.superpower
The page saysstiff-legged leaps straight up, up to 3.5 m high, with the head lowered, the hooves gathered together and the back curved
The source saysa series of stiff-legged vertical leaps up to 3.5m high. This behavior is known as pronking and is performed with the head down, the hooves bunched, and the back arched.Note: body
The page saysLions and cheetahs are among the hunters the leaps are said to distract.
The source saysThe leaps are said to distract predators, such as lions and cheetahs.Note: body
The page saysA fold of skin runs from the middle of the back to the rump, and when the springbok is excited it can open the fold to show a crest of white hair.
The source saysa fold of skin that runs from the midback to the rump. This fold can be opened in times of excitement to display a crest of white hair.Note: body blockquote
The page saysa white face, a reddish-brown coat and a white backside
The source saysIt has a white face with dark stripes from the mouth to the eyes, a reddish-brown coat that turns to a darker shade and then to white on the lower third of its body, and a white backside.Note: body
The page saysIt stands about 80 cm at the shoulder
The source saysIt stands approximately 80cm high at the shouldersNote: body
The page saysweighs 33 to 46 kg
The source saysRange mass 33 to 46 kgNote: body, FAQ
The page saysBoth sexes carry black, lyre-shaped horns, and the horns of larger males measure 36 to 48 cm
The source saysBoth sexes also have black, curved, lyre-shaped horns. Larger males can have horns 36-48cm in length.Note: body
The page saysSpringbok eat both grass and browse, and in the hot, dry season they shift to flowers, which hold twice the water of the grass they eat in the wet season
The source saysThese flowers have double the mean water content of the grass that is consumed in times of water availability (during the hot, wet season)Note: body
The page saysEating this way frees them from needing a constant water supply
The source saysUtilizing food resources in this way allows springboks to remain independent of a constant water supplyNote: body
The page saysmainly in Namibia, Botswana, Angola and South Africa
The source saysmainly in the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Angola and the Republic of South AfricaNote: body range
The page saysThey once traveled by the hundreds and even millions, in mass herds called treks, and Dutch farmers whose crops were ruined by the treks hunted them
The source saysSpringbok once traveled by the hundreds and even millions. Springbok were hunted by the Dutch farmers whose crops were ruined by "treks" of springbok travelling in search of food and water.Note: body
The page saysBy ADW's 1999 account they were mostly confined to private farms and game reserves
The source saysbecause springboks are now mostly confined to private farms and game reservesNote: body; ADW account last updated 1999-06-07, so the state is dated
The page saysWhen alarmed or excited, a springbok can bounce up to 3.5 m off the ground in a row of stiff-legged leaps called pronking
The source saysWhen frightened or excited, a springbok makes a series of stiff-legged vertical leaps up to 3.5m high.Note: FAQ
The page saysSpringbok are roughly 80 cm tall at the shoulder
The source saysIt stands approximately 80cm high at the shouldersNote: FAQ
The page saystheir body mass ranges from 33 to 46 kg
The source saysRange mass 33 to 46 kgNote: FAQ 2
The page saysA frightened springbok pronks, bouncing straight up in stiff-legged leaps as high as 3.5 m
The source saysWhen frightened or excited, a springbok makes a series of stiff-legged vertical leaps up to 3.5m high.Note: vibe.reason

Source
02

Human Ageing Genomic Resources, AnAge

AnAge entry for Antidorcas marsupialis. Human Ageing Genomic Resources, AnAge.

The page saysAnAge lists an average adult at 39 kg
The source saysAdult weight 39,000 gNote: body; 39,000 g = 39 kg
The page saysIn the wild, springbok live under 10 years on average, though it has been speculated that they may reach 20. The captive record is 19.8 years
The source saysIn the wild, these animals live on average less than 10 years, though it has been speculated that they may live up to 20 years [ 0542 ]. Record longevity in captivity is 19.8 yearsNote: body (lifespan); AnAge is the current source, ADW's 7-9 years left out
The page saysIn captivity, the record stands at 19.8 years
The source saysRecord longevity in captivity is 19.8 yearsNote: FAQ 3
The page saysWild springbok average less than 10 years, and AnAge notes it has been speculated they can reach 20
The source saysIn the wild, these animals live on average less than 10 years, though it has been speculated that they may live up to 20 yearsNote: FAQ 3; AnAge says speculated, so FAQ says may

Source
03

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016

Antidorcas marsupialis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T1676A115056763.

The page saysLeast Concern
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: stats.conservationStatus; body. Category read through GBIF's copy of the Red List (api.gbif.org/v1/species/2441064/iucnRedListCategory); the assessment DOI is cited.
The page saysThe IUCN rated the species Least Concern in its 2016 assessment
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: body; 2016 assessment DOI

Source
04

Curry et al. 2012

Curry et al. (2012). High oxidative capacity and type IIx fibre content in springbok and fallow deer skeletal muscle suggest fast sprinters with a resistance to fatigue. Journal of Experimental Biology.

The page saysType IIX was the predominant fibre type in both muscles and both species, at more than 50%, and springbok had more type IIX fibres than the deer
The source saysThe predominant fibre type in both muscle groups and species were type IIX (>50%), with springbok having more type IIX fibres than fallow deerNote: body; muscles sampled: vastus lateralis and longissimus lumborum
The page saysA muscle study sampled the vastus lateralis (a leg muscle) and the longissimus lumborum (a back muscle) of springbok and fallow deer
The source saysMuscle samples collected post mortem from the vastus lateralis and longissimus lumborum of fallow deer (Dama dama) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)Note: body
The page saysthe muscles' high oxidative capacity suggests these animals may hold off fatigue for long periods
The source saysThe high oxidative capacities also suggest that these animals may be able to withstand fatigue for long periods of time.Note: body; abstract sentence replaces the paper title

Source
05

Fuller et al. 2005

Fuller et al. (2005). A year in the thermal life of a free-ranging herd of springbok Antidorcas marsupialis. Journal of Experimental Biology.

The page saysOne study tracked eight free-ranging adults for 11 to 13 months
The source saysin eight (three males, five females) adult free-ranging springbok Antidorcas marsupialis in their natural habitat, over a period of 11-13 monthsNote: body
The page saysas air temperature ranged from -6 degrees C to 34 degrees C
The source sayswith an absolute minimum temperature of -6 degrees C and a maximum of 34 degrees CNote: body
The page saystheir mean daily body temperature was only about 0.3 degrees C higher in summer than in winter
The source saysmean daily body temperature increased, on average, by only 0.02 degrees C per 1 degrees C increase in air temperature, so that it was only approximately 0.3 degrees C higher in summer than in winterNote: body
The page saysremarkable homeothermy
The source saysSpringbok exhibit remarkable homeothermyNote: body

Source
06

Hetem et al. 2009

Hetem et al. (2009). Body temperature, thermoregulatory behaviour and pelt characteristics of three colour morphs of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology.

The page saysA second study compared black, white and normal springbok, and the black pelt absorbed more heat from simulated sunlight
The source saysthe black springbok pelt showed lower reflectance in the visible spectral range, and higher heat load from simulated solar radiation, than did the pelts of the other two springbokNote: body
The page saysenergy costs may explain why these morphs are rare
The source saysThus energy considerations may underlie the rarity of the springbok colour morphs.Note: body

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.