AnimalTracks.wiki

What the sources say

Red-Lipped BatfishOgcocephalus darwini

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Red-Lipped Batfish profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 37 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

Profile updated

Source
01

Rivera et al. 2023

Rivera et al. (2023). Ogcocephalus darwini. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T183821A217631260.

The page saysThe IUCN Red List rates the species Least Concern.
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).
The page saysNo. The IUCN Red List rates it Least Concern.
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).

Source
02

FishBase

Ogcocephalus darwini Hubbs, 1958. FishBase.

The page saysSandy bottoms from the Galápagos Islands south to Peru, 3 to 120 m deep
The source saysdepth range 3 - 120 mNote: Source prints ranges as '3 - 120 m' and '3 - 76 m'.
The page saysSandy bottoms from the Galápagos Islands south to Peru, 3 to 120 m deep
The source saysSoutheast Pacific: Galapagos Islands south to Peru.Note: Source prints ranges as '3 - 120 m' and '3 - 76 m'.
The page saysBelieved to eat small invertebrates
The source saysbelieved to be predatory, feeding on small invertebrates
The page saysThe red-lipped batfish (*Ogcocephalus darwini*) belongs to this family
The source saysLophiiformes (Anglerfishes) > Ogcocephalidae (Batfishes)
The page saysA male or unsexed red-lipped batfish tops out at 20.3 cm in standard length, and a female at 21.5 cm.
The source saysMax length : 20.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5590 ); 21.5 cm SL (female)
The page saysIt is found on sandy bottoms, between 3 and 120 m deep but usually at 3 to 76 m.
The source saysFound on sandy bottomsNote: Source prints ranges as '3 - 120 m' and '3 - 76 m'.
The page saysIt is found on sandy bottoms, between 3 and 120 m deep but usually at 3 to 76 m.
The source saysdepth range 3 - 120 m (Ref. 127879 ), usually 3 - 76 mNote: Source prints ranges as '3 - 120 m' and '3 - 76 m'.
The page saysIt is believed to be predatory, feeding on small invertebrates.
The source saysbelieved to be predatory, feeding on small invertebrates
The page saysFishBase says it is common below 10 m and seems incautious, unlike other batfishes that are limited in their range due to many predators.
The source saysCommon below 10 m and seem to be incautious, unlike other batfishes which are limited in their range due to many predators.
The page saysIt lists the fish as harmless to humans.
The source saysThreat to humans Harmless
The page saysFishBase gives its range as the Galápagos Islands south to Peru.
The source saysSoutheast Pacific: Galapagos Islands south to Peru.
The page saysFishBase gives a maximum standard length of 21.5 cm for a female and 20.3 cm for a male or a fish whose sex was not recorded.
The source saysMax length : 20.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5590 ); 21.5 cm SL (female)
The page saysSmall and shallow
The source saysdepth range 3 - 120 mNote: Small: max 20.3 cm SL male/unsexed, 21.5 cm SL female (separate claim).

Source
03

Alves, Campos-da-Paz & Vianna 2021

Alves, Campos-da-Paz & Vianna (2021). Illicium use in Brazilian batfish Ogcocephalus vespertilio (Linnaeus, 1758) feeding behavior in nature and in captivity. Ocean and Coastal Research.

The page saysA Galápagos batfish whose genus walks the seabed on modified fins.
The source sayspresenting modified pectoral and pelvic fins for specialized substrate movement, allowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottom, swimming only short distancesNote: Genus scope (Ogcocephalus). Galápagos from FishBase: Southeast Pacific: Galapagos Islands south to Peru.
The page saysFin-walking on the seabed, with a fishing lure that tucks into a cavity on its snout
The source saysallowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottom
The page saysFin-walking on the seabed, with a fishing lure that tucks into a cavity on its snout
The source saysWhen the illicium is retracted, the lure is sheltered in the illicium cavity between the mouth and the tip of the snout
The page saysits genus has pectoral and pelvic fins
The source sayspresenting modified pectoral and pelvic fins for specialized substrate movement, allowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottom, swimming only short distances
The page saysSwimming is something they do only over short distances.
The source saysslowly “walk” on the bottom, swimming only short distances
The page saysA relative in the same genus, the Brazilian batfish, was filmed in the wild.
The source saysan O. vespertilio individual was filmed at a depth of 34 m
The page saysIt alternately used its pectoral and pelvic fins to slide slowly across the seabed.
The source saysthe individual alternately using its pectoral and pelvic fins to slowly slide along the substrate
The page saysIts second move resembled a jump, ending in a quick lunge.
The source saysThe second mode resembled a jump, with the individual using its pectoral fins to gain impulse, with the pelvic fins positioned ahead, finishing with a quick lunge.
The page saysBatfishes carry an illicium, a modified front dorsal-fin spine that works like a fishing pole and usually bears a lure called an esca.
The source saysthe illicium, a modification of the first dorsal-fin spine into a fishing pole, usually bearing a distal bilaterally symmetrical glandular structure known as a lure (esca)
The page saysWhen the illicium is retracted, the lure is sheltered in a cavity between the mouth and the tip of the snout.
The source saysWhen the illicium is retracted, the lure is sheltered in the illicium cavity between the mouth and the tip of the snout
The page saysFor the Brazilian batfish, whether the lure really attracts prey is still questioned.
The source saysAlthough O. vespertilio apparently uses its illicium to attract prey, this function is still questioned.
The page saysOne filmed in the wild extended and retracted its illicium three times, and a small crustacean in front of it seemed attracted.
The source saysextended and retracted its illicium three times, exposing the lure ( Fig. 1 ). Whenever illicium movement was carried out, a small crustacean located in front of the fish seemed attracted.
The page saysResearchers working on the polka-dot batfish, another relative, reported that its esca apparently secretes a chemical that draws in gastropods
The source saysthe esca at the tip of the illicium in polka-dot batfish Ogocephalus cubrifrons Richardson, 1836 from Florida (USA) apparently secrete a chemical compound that generates an attraction responses in gastropods
The page saysBatfishes in its genus, *Ogcocephalus*, swim only short distances. Their pectoral and pelvic fins are built for moving over the seabed, where they slowly "walk".
The source sayspresenting modified pectoral and pelvic fins for specialized substrate movement, allowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottom, swimming only short distances
The page saysA fish that walks
The source saysallowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottomNote: Genus scope.
The page saysA fishing rod in a snout cavity
The source saysa modification of the first dorsal-fin spine into a fishing poleNote: Cavity: 'the lure is sheltered in the illicium cavity between the mouth and the tip of the snout'.
The page saysThose observations come from relatives, not from the Galápagos species.
The source saysan O. vespertilio individual was filmedNote: Scope sentence: the observations are of O. vespertilio and O. cubifrons, not O. darwini.
The page saysBatfishes in the red-lipped batfish's genus slowly walk along the bottom on modified fins, swimming only short distances
The source sayspresenting modified pectoral and pelvic fins for specialized substrate movement, allowing them to slowly “walk” on the bottom, swimming only short distances

Source
04

Briones-Mendoza et al. 2022

Briones-Mendoza et al. (2022). New finding and description of the Galapagos batfish, Ogcocephalus darwini (Actinopterygii: Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae), in marine waters of Manabi, Ecuador. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria.

The page saysA 2022 report described a specimen caught by an artisanal fishing fleet using bottom longlines in Ecuador.
The source saysThe specimen was captured by the artisanal fishing fleet that operates with bottom longlines in Las Piñas fishing cove, Manta Municipality, Manabí province, Ecuador.Note: 2022 is the article date (23 Sep 2022) on the publisher page: Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 52(3), 2022.
The page saysUntil that find the species was considered endemic to the Galápagos, though it had already been reported off northern Peru, and the Ecuador fish added the continental shelf.
The source saysUntil now, the species was considered endemic to the Galapagos, but it had been reported off northern Peru and now from the Ecuadorian continental shelf.
The page saysRange update
The source saysit had been reported off northern Peru and now from the Ecuadorian continental shelf

Source
05

Derouen et al. 2015

Derouen et al. (2015). Examining evolutionary relationships and shifts in depth preferences in batfishes (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

The page saysBatfishes are anglerfishes that are dorsoventrally flattened
The source saysBatfishes (Ogcocephalidae) are an understudied, group of marine anglerfishes that are dorsoventrally flattened

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.