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What the sources say

Malayan TapirTapirus indicus

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Malayan Tapir profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 66 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Gearty

Gearty. Tapirus indicus (Malayan tapir). Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

The page saysBorn striped, grown two-tone
The source saysNewborn Malayan tapirs lack the adult coat pattern and have a coat with whitish stripes and spots which gradually fade by six months of age.Note: tagline
The page saysBorn striped, grown two-tone
The source saysAdults have a dramatic color pattern, with a black front half of their body, white sides, and black hind legs.Note: tagline
The page saysarmed with a prehensile snout for plucking leaves
The source saysThe proboscis plays an important role in browsing, used to pluck leaves from branches and place them into the animal's mouth.Note: tagline
The page saysprehensile snout
The source saysprominent, prehensile proboscis formed by an extended nose and upper lipNote: tagline
The page saysRain forests and other forests of Malaysia, Sumatra, Myanmar and Thailand
The source saysThey occur in rain forests, jungles, primary forests, secondary forestsNote: stats.habitat
The page saysLeaves, buds, twigs, bark and fruit, plucked with a prehensile snout
The source saysThe diet consists of leaves ( Baccaurea parviflora and Symplocis crassipes ), buds, growing twigs, barkNote: stats.diet
The page saysLeaves, buds, twigs, bark and fruit, plucked with a prehensile snout
The source saysFruit tends to be a large portion of the diet of the speciesNote: stats.diet
The page saysA prehensile snout, formed from the nose and upper lip, that plucks leaves from branches and places them in its mouth
The source saysprominent, prehensile proboscis formed by an extended nose and upper lipNote: stats.superpower
The page saysA prehensile snout, formed from the nose and upper lip, that plucks leaves from branches and places them in its mouth
The source saysused to pluck leaves from branches and place them into the animal's mouthNote: stats.superpower
The page saysIt has a proboscis, a prehensile snout, meaning one that can grip, formed by an extended nose and upper lip
The source saysprominent, prehensile proboscis formed by an extended nose and upper lipNote: 'meaning one that can grip' defines prehensile; not a source claim
The page saysThe proboscis plucks leaves from branches and places them in the tapir's mouth
The source saysused to pluck leaves from branches and place them into the animal's mouth
The page saysIt eats leaves, buds, growing twigs, bark and fruit
The source saysThe diet consists of leaves ( Baccaurea parviflora and Symplocis crassipes ), buds, growing twigs, bark
The page saysit feeds on more than 122 species of plants
The source saysthey feed on more than 122 species of plants
The page saysA tapir eats between 4 and 5 percent of its body weight each day
The source saysMalayan tapirs eat between 4 and 5 percent of their body weight each day
The page saysit travels upwards of 5 km to seek out salt licks
The source saysMalayan tapirs crave salt and travel upwards of 5 km to seek out salt licks.
The page saysAdults have a black front half, white sides and black hind legs
The source saysAdults have a dramatic color pattern, with a black front half of their body, white sides, and black hind legs.
The page saysThat pattern disrupts the body lines and makes an adult harder to recognize as potential prey
The source saysThe black and white pattern of the adults disrupts the body lines and makes them more difficult to recognize as potential prey.
The page saysIn the dark, the white saddle does not suggest the form of the whole animal
The source saysThe white saddle does not suggest the form of the entire animal since the rest of the individual remains obscure in the dark.
The page saysTigers and leopards are the major natural predators, but tapirs are not often preyed upon
The source saysare the major natural predators of Malayan tapirs; however, they are not often preyed upon
The page saysCalves lack the adult coat pattern: they are born with whitish stripes and spots
The source saysNewborn Malayan tapirs lack the adult coat pattern and have a coat with whitish stripes and spots which gradually fade by six months of age.
The page saysSkin up to 2.5 cm thick covers the back of the head and nape
The source saysThey have thickened skin, up to 2.5 cm, on the back of the head and nape, thought to be a defensive measure against fanged animals.
The page saysIt is thought to defend against fanged animals
The source saysthought to be a defensive measure against fanged animals
The page saysa tapir with a predator on its neck will attempt to bash it against a tree
The source saysIf a predator does attach to the neck, the tapir will attempt to bash the assailant against a tree.
The page saysAn attacked tapir will run away and find the nearest source of water to escape the chase
The source saysIf an individual is attacked, it will run away and find the nearest source of water to escape the chase.
The page saysAn adult Malayan tapir weighs 250 to 540 kg and is 1.8 to 2.5 m long
The source saysIndividuals range from 250 to 540 kg, with a length of 1.8 to 2.5 m and a height of 0.9 to 1.1 m.
The page saysfemales tend to be larger than males by about 25 to 100 kg
The source saysFemales tend to be larger than males by about 25 to 100 kg.
The page saysA female produces a single offspring every other year on average, although twins have been reported
The source saysproducing a single offspring every other year on average, although twins have been reported
The page sayscalves can swim at three weeks old
The source saysCalves eat solid food as early as two weeks old and are capable of swimming at three weeks old.
The page saysMalayan tapirs are generally considered solitary and nocturnal, but in undisturbed forests they are crepuscular, meaning active around twilight, rather than completely nocturnal
The source saysAlthough generally considered solitary, nocturnal animals, Malayan tapirs are more tolerant of conspecifics and demonstrate crepuscular rather than completely nocturnal activity in undisturbed forests.Note: 'active around twilight' defines crepuscular
The page saysThey seek out marshes and rivers for swimming
The source saysMalayan tapirs seek out marshes and rivers for swimming
The page saysthey may walk along the bottom of deep rivers, holding their breath for up to 90 seconds
The source saysthey may walk along the bottom of deep rivers, holding their breath for up to 90 seconds
The page saysA newborn's whitish stripes and spots gradually fade by six months of age
The source saysNewborn Malayan tapirs lack the adult coat pattern and have a coat with whitish stripes and spots which gradually fade by six months of age.
The page saysGestation lasts 390 to 410 days, or 13 to 13.5 months
The source saysThe gestation period of the female lasts between 390 and 410 days (13 to 13.5 months).
The page saysA healthy calf can usually stand within one or two hours of birth
The source saysA healthy calf can usually stand within one or two hours of birth
The page saysA snout that grips
The source saysprominent, prehensile proboscis formed by an extended nose and upper lipNote: heading
The page saysHiding in the dark
The source saysThe black and white pattern of the adults disrupts the body lines and makes them more difficult to recognize as potential prey.Note: heading
The page saysThick nape
The source saysThey have thickened skin, up to 2.5 cm, on the back of the head and napeNote: blockquote lead-in
The page saysTwilight swimmers
The source saysMalayan tapirs seek out marshes and rivers for swimmingNote: heading
The page saysTwilight swimmers
The source saysdemonstrate crepuscular rather than completely nocturnal activity in undisturbed forestsNote: heading
The page saysHiding in the dark
The source saysthe rest of the individual remains obscure in the darkNote: heading
The page saysSize and staying power
The source saysIndividuals range from 250 to 540 kgNote: heading
The page saysTheir only calls are whistles, clicks and hiccup-like noises, often made in response to fear or pain, as a warning, or during mating.
The source saysThe only vocalizations of Malayan tapirs are whistles, clicks, and hiccup-like noises, often made in response to fear or pain, as an appeasement to conspecifics, as a warning call, or during mating
The page saysMalayan tapirs make only whistles, clicks and hiccup-like noises.
The source saysThe only vocalizations of Malayan tapirs are whistles, clicks, and hiccup-like noises
The page saysweightKg: 296
The source saysAverage mass 296 kg
The page saystags: hoofed
The source saysMalayan tapirs have four toes on their forefeet and three toes on their hind feet, each of which ends in a hoof.
The page saystags: camouflage
The source saysThe black and white pattern of the adults disrupts the body lines and makes them more difficult to recognize as potential prey.
The page saysdangerLevel: Low
The source saysOtherwise, the species has no adverse effects on humans.

Source
02

AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database

Acrocodia indica (Malayan tapir) longevity, ageing, and life history. AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database.

The page saysOne captive tapir lived for 36.5 years
The source saysOne captive specimen lived for 36.5 years
The page saysSize and staying power
The source saysOne captive specimen lived for 36.5 yearsNote: heading

Source
03

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance

Tapir. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance.

The page saysThe Malayan tapir is the only tapir from Asia
The source saysMalayan tapir Tapirus indicus : The only tapir from Asia

Source
04

Witmer, Sampson & Solounias 1999

Witmer, Sampson & Solounias (1999). The proboscis of tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla): a case study in novel narial anatomy. Journal of Zoology.

The page saysA study of the proboscis in tapirs as a group
The source saysEvolution of the proboscis of tapirs entailed wholesale transformation of the narial apparatus and facial architecture
The page saysA study of the proboscis in tapirs as a group found that its evolution involved retraction and reduction of the bony and cartilaginous facial skeleton
The source saysretraction and reduction of the bony and cartilaginous facial skeletonNote: genus scope: the abstract names tapirs, not Tapirus indicus; the sentence says so
The page sayswhile the soft tissue around the upper lip and nose became a mobile, fleshy proboscis
The source sayssoft tissues surrounding the upper lip and nose became elaborated to form a mobile, fleshy proboscis
The page saysThe authors conclude it is best interpreted as a muscular hydrostat, an organ whose muscle and connective tissue expanded as its bone and cartilage were reduced
The source saysThe reduction of the osseocartilaginous portion of the proboscis, coupled with expansion of the muscular and connective tissue components, has resulted in an organ that is best interpreted as a muscular hydrostat.

Source
05

Biological Conservation 2013

Cryptic mammals caught on camera: Assessing the utility of range wide camera trap data for conserving the endangered Asian tapir. Biological Conservation, 2013.

The page saysA camera-trap survey across 19 study areas
The source saysacross 19 study areas drawn from the Asian tapir’s entire range
The page saystapir occurrence was significantly and negatively correlated with human disturbance
The source saystheir occurrence was significantly and negatively correlated with human disturbance

Source
06

Traeholt et al. 2016

Traeholt et al. (2016). Tapirus indicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T21472A45173636.

The page saysRain forests and other forests of Malaysia, Sumatra, Myanmar and Thailand
The source saysIndonesia (Sumatera); Malaysia; Myanmar; ThailandNote: stats.habitat
The page saysfrom sea level up to 2,150 metres
The source saysUPPER ELEVATION LIMIT 2,150 metres LOWER ELEVATION LIMIT 0 metresNote: stats.habitat and body
The page saysEndangered
The source saysEndangered A2bcd+3bcd; C1Note: conservationStatus
The page saysIts 2014 assessment lists the species in Malaysia, Sumatra in Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand
The source saysDATE ASSESSED 17 November 2014 ... Indonesia (Sumatera); Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand
The page saysThe IUCN Red List rates it Endangered
The source saysEndangered A2bcd+3bcd; C1
The page saysand gives the population trend as decreasing
The source saysDATE ASSESSED 17 November 2014 ... CURRENT POPULATION TREND Decreasing
The page saysYes. The IUCN Red List rates it Endangered
The source saysEndangered A2bcd+3bcd; C1
The page saysIts 2014 assessment gives the number of mature individuals as 2,499
The source saysDATE ASSESSED 17 November 2014 ... NUMBER OF MATURE INDIVIDUALS 2,499
The page saysand the trend as decreasing
The source saysDATE ASSESSED 17 November 2014 ... CURRENT POPULATION TREND Decreasing
The page saysThe IUCN Red List rates the species Endangered
The source saysEndangered A2bcd+3bcd; C1

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.