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What the sources say

Lar GibbonHylobates lar

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Lar Gibbon profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 38 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Animal Diversity Web

Hylobates lar. Animal Diversity Web.

The page saysA rainforest singer whose pair duets average 11 minutes and carry up to a kilometre.
The source saysThese calls average 11 minutes and can be heard up to one kilometer awayNote: tagline
The page saysTropical rainforests of Southeast Asia
The source saysdistributed throughout the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia including Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, and ThailandNote: stats.habitat
The page saysup to 1,200 m
The source saysTheir altitudinal range is limited to 1,200 meters. White-handed gibbons are a high canopy speciesNote: ADW writes 1,200 meters
The page saysMostly ripe fruit, plus leaves, flowers and insects
The source saysWhite-handed gibbons are largely frugivorous animals, eating ripe fruit from woodyNote: stats.diet
The page saysLeaves, flowers and insects round out the menu.
The source saysThey also eat leafy plants, flowers, and insectsNote: stats.diet and body
The page saysMated pairs sing duets that carry up to a kilometre
The source saysNormal duets are loud songs delivered by a mated pairNote: stats.superpower
The page saysAn average duet lasts 11 minutes and carries up to a kilometre through the forest.
The source saysThese calls average 11 minutes and can be heard up to one kilometer away
The page saysBetween sunrise and noon, a bonded pair of lar gibbons sings together, and the song peaks at mid-morning.
The source saysDuets occur between sunrise and noon, and peak at mid-morning.
The page saysThe duet opens with an introductory call, a series of notes from both partners. Then comes the great call: the female starts it and the male answers. An interlude of male and female notes follows.
The source saysan introductory call, a great call, and an interlude sequence. The introductory call is a series of notes by the pair, followed by the great call which begins with the female to which the male answers back
The page saysMales also sing together at the edges of their home range to chase off intruders.
The source saysMales sing together at range edges to chase away intruders
The page saysLar gibbons live high in the canopy of tropical rainforest across Southeast Asia, in Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand.
The source saysWhite-handed gibbons are a high canopy species and are rarely found in the understory
The page saysThey are gone from China.
The source saysUnfortunately, they are no longer found in China.
The page saysTheir forelimbs, hands and feet are long, an adaptation for brachiation
The source saysTheir elongated forelimbs, hands, and feet are adaptations for brachiation
The page saysIt is their main way of getting around the treetops.
The source saysbrachiation, which is their primary mode of travel through forest canopies
The page saysThey have no tail.
The source saysLar gibbons do not have tails.
The page saysTheir hands and feet are white, a ring of short pale fur surrounds a bare face
The source saysThe hairless face is surrounded by a ring of very short white or lightly colored fur; and the hands and feet are both white
The page saysthe coat can be dark (grey to black to brown) or light (cream to light brown)
The source saysThey wear either a dark coat, which may range from gray to black to brown, or a light coat of light cream color to light brown
The page saysAn adult is 42 to 58 cm long and weighs 4.4 to 7.6 kg, with males the larger sex.
The source saysMales are 43.5 to 58.4 cm long and females are 42.0 to 58.0 cm long. Males weigh 5.0 to 7.6 kg and females weigh 4.4 to 6.8 kgNote: rounded range 42.0 to 58.4 cm per ADW Range length; ADW Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
The page saysFemales are mature at around 9 years
The source saysFemales begin reproducing between 6 and 9 ears old, but are fully sexually mature at 9.
The page saysgestation lasts 7 months, and a mother has one baby about every 3.5 years
The source saysThey give birth to only one offspring about every 3.5 years and gestation lasts 7 months
The page saysThey are mostly monogamous, living in groups of 2 to 6 animals.
The source saysWhite-handed gibbons are mostly monogamous, living in groups of 2 to 6 members
The page saysLar gibbons are mostly fruit eaters
The source saysWhite-handed gibbons are largely frugivorous animals, eating ripe fruit from woody
The page saysThey taste fruit and accept or reject it by ripeness, then return to the same food sources through the peak season for the ripest pick.
The source saysFruits are tasted and either accepted or rejected based on ripeness. The same food sources are returned to multiple times during peak season to eat the ripest fruit each time
The page saysEagles, leopards, marbled cats and pythons are listed as potential predators, but no act of predation on a gibbon has been observed.
The source saysPotential predators of white-handed gibbons include eagles, leopards, marbled cats, and pythons, though no act of predation has been observed.
The page saysOn average, lar gibbons spend fifteen and a half hours a day in their sleeping trees, from several hours before dusk until morning, and they go to them without calling or physical contact on the way, which suits animals trying to stay unnoticed by predators.
The source saysFifteen and a half hours on average are spent in 'sleeping trees', from several hours before dusk until the following morning. This behavior reflects their adaptations to minimize predation risk. Vocal and physical interactions when retreating to sleeping trees are absent so as to avoid predator detection.
The page saysblamed that status in part on the illegal pet trade in Thailand, in which gibbons are hunted and captured, and called deforestation a growing threat.
The source saysTheir status is in part due to the flourishing illegal pet trade in Thailand, in which they are hunted, captured, traded, and exploited. The deforestation of habitat is also a threat and is becoming more of a problem.
The page saysA pair's duet can be heard up to a kilometre away, and it runs about 11 minutes on average.
The source saysThese calls average 11 minutes and can be heard up to one kilometer away
The page saysMales weigh 5.0 to 7.6 kg and females 4.4 to 6.8 kg. Males measure 43.5 to 58.4 cm long and females 42.0 to 58.0 cm.
The source saysMales are 43.5 to 58.4 cm long and females are 42.0 to 58.0 cm long. Males weigh 5.0 to 7.6 kg and females weigh 4.4 to 6.8 kg
The page saysThey have no tail.
The source saysLar gibbons do not have tails.
The page saysand they are choosy
The source saysare very selective feeders when it comes to fruit consumption
The page saysAnimal Diversity Web's 2014 account
The source saysBeaman, M. 2014. "Hylobates lar" (On-line), Animal Diversity WebNote: date of the ADW account
The page saysLar gibbon pairs sing between sunrise and noon, peaking at mid-morning
The source saysDuets occur between sunrise and noon, and peak at mid-morning.Note: vibe.reason
The page saysin the great call one partner starts and the other answers
The source saysfollowed by the great call which begins with the female to which the male answers backNote: vibe.reason

Source
02

Human Ageing Genomic Resources, AnAge

AnAge entry for Hylobates lar. Human Ageing Genomic Resources, AnAge.

The page saysThe AnAge database lists 56 years as the maximum in captivity, an estimate for a wild-born female that died in a zoo.
The source saysMaximum longevity 56 years (captivity) Source John Gramieri, pers. comm. Sample size Large Data quality High Observations A female wild-born specimen acquired by San Antonio Zoo in 1954 died in 2008 at an estimated 56 years of age.
The page saysThe record in AnAge is an estimated 56 years in captivity. It belongs to a wild-born female acquired by San Antonio Zoo in 1954, who died in 2008.
The source saysMaximum longevity 56 years (captivity) Source John Gramieri, pers. comm. Sample size Large Data quality High Observations A female wild-born specimen acquired by San Antonio Zoo in 1954 died in 2008 at an estimated 56 years of age.
The page saysHer male companion, acquired the same year, reached an estimated 51.
The source saysHer male companion, also acquired in 1954, passed away in 2005 at the estimated age of 51 years

Source
03

Brockelman & Geissmann 2020

Brockelman & Geissmann (2020). Hylobates lar. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T10548A17967253.

The page saysEndangered
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Endangered (EN).Note: conservationStatus and body; category read through GBIF's copy of the Red List

Source
04

Brockelman & Schilling 1984

Brockelman & Schilling (1984). Inheritance of stereotyped gibbon calls. Nature.

The page saysthe females' great-calls showed no sign of being learned from their parents and seemed to be under strong genetic control
The source saysin female hybrids, the patterns of the loud and stereotyped 'great-calls' show no evidence of learning from parents, and appear to be under strong genetic controlNote: hybrids of white-handed and pileated gibbons

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.