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What the sources say

ImpalaAepyceros melampus

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Impala profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 44 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016

Aepyceros melampus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T550A50180828.

The page saysLeast Concern
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: IUCN assessment 2016; category read through GBIF's copy of the Red List

Source
02

Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan

Aepyceros melampus (impala). Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

The page saysscent glands under black hair on its hind feet
The source saysalso have scent glands on their rear feet beneath patches of black hair
The page saysWoodland with little undergrowth and low to medium grassland
The source saysThe impala is found in woodland which contains little undergrowth and low to medium height grassland.
The page saysfrom northeast South Africa to Angola, Uganda and Kenya
The source saysThe impala is found from northeast South Africa to Angola, south Zaire, Rwanda, Uganda,and Kenya.
The page saysMostly grass after the rains, switching to browse in the dry season
The source saysImpala feed mostly on grass during times of lush growth following the rains and will switch to browse during the dry season.
The page saysTo confuse a predator, impala often leap up or out in any direction
The source saysThey often leap up or out in any direction to confuse the predator.
The page saysa leap can end with the animal landing on its front legs and kicking its back legs into the air
The source saysimpala land on their front legs and kick the back legs into the air
The page saysAnimal Diversity Web gives 45 to 60 kg
The source says45 to 60 kg
The page saysThe coat is red-brown, paler on the sides, with white on the belly, chin and tail
The source saysBoth sexes are similarly colored with red-brown hair which pales on the sides. The underside of the belly, chin, lips, inside ears, the line over the eye, and tail are white.
The page saysblack stripes down the tail, forehead and thighs
The source saysThere are black stripes down the tail, foreheard, both thighs, and eartips.
The page saysOnly males have horns. They are S-shaped, heavily ridged and 45 to 91.7 cm long
The source saysonly the males have S shaped horns that are 45 to 91.7 cm long. These horns are heavily ridged
The page saysPatches of black hair on an impala's hind feet cover scent glands
The source saysscent glands on their rear feet beneath patches of black hair
The page saysFemale herds average 15 to 100 animals, depending on the space available
The source saysThe average size of the female herd is between 15-100 individuals depending on space available.
The page saysIn the wet season, males split into territory holders and bachelor herds
The source saysImpala form distinct social groups during the wet season. Three main organizations are found: territorial males with and without breeding females, bachelor herds of non-territorial adult and juvenile males
The page saysOwners defend it with tail-raising, forehead marking, chasing, fighting and roaring
The source saysTail-raising, forehead marking, forehead rubbing, herding, chsing, erect posture, fighting, and roaring are used.
The page saysthere is usually only one calf
The source saysUsually there is only one calf.
The page saysGestation lasts 194 to 200 days
The source saysGestation is 194-200 days.
The page sayscalves join creches, groups of young that play and move together
The source saysImpalas place the young in creches which are groups of young that play, groom, and move together.
The page saysImpala are ruminants that eat mostly grass after rain and switch to browse in the dry season
The source saysImpala are ruminants. ... Impala feed mostly on grass during times of lush growth following the rains and will switch to browse during the dry season.
The page saysAnimal Diversity Web gives a range of 45 to 60 kg
The source says45 to 60 kg
The page saysOnly males carry horns, which measure 45 to 91.7 cm
The source saysonly the males have S shaped horns that are 45 to 91.7 cm long
The page saysThey are ruminants, mostly grazers
The source saysImpala are ruminants. ... While predominately a grazer
The page saysThey eat mostly grass while it grows lush after rain and move to browse, meaning leaves and twigs, in the dry season
The source saysImpala feed mostly on grass during times of lush growth following the rains and will switch to browse during the dry season.
The page saysit often springs up or out in any direction to confuse a predator
The source saysThey often leap up or out in any direction to confuse the predator.Note: vibe.reason

Source
03

Ultimate Ungulate

Aepyceros melampus (Impala). Ultimate Ungulate.

The page saysleaps often carry it over bushes and even other impala
The source saysoften over bushes and even other impala
The page saysLeaps that can span over 9 metres, often over bushes and even other impala
The source saysthese jumps may span over 9 meters / 30 feet and may be 2.5 meters / 8 feet high - often over bushes and even other impala
The page saysThe impala's best-known move is the jump
The source saysProdigious leaps are the most well known feature of the impala's movement.
The page saysA leap may run over 9 metres (30 feet) long and 2.5 metres (8 feet) high, and often sails over bushes and even other impala
The source saysthese jumps may span over 9 meters / 30 feet and may be 2.5 meters / 8 feet high - often over bushes and even other impala
The page saysit flees into dense vegetation instead of out across open grassland
The source saysthe impala flees into dense vegetation rather than out into the open grassland
The page saysIts main predators are lion, leopard, Cape hunting dog, spotted hyena, crocodile and python
The source saysMain Predators : Lion, leopard, Cape hunting dog, spotted hyena, crocodile, python.
The page sayshead-and-body length of 120 to 160 cm
The source saysBody Length : 120-160 cm
The page saysstands 75 to 95 cm at the shoulder
The source saysShoulder Height : 75-95 cm
The page saysUltimate Ungulate 40 to 80 kg
The source saysWeight : 40-80 kg
The page saysabout a third of adult males hold a territory of 0.2 to 0.9 square kilometres, marked with urine and dung
The source saysAbout 1/3 of adult males hold territories, which vary in size from 0.2-0.9 square kilometers. These territories are marked with urine and feces
The page saysJumps of more than 9 metres (30 feet) in length and around 2.5 metres (8 feet) in height have been reported, and they often clear bushes and even other impala
The source saysthese jumps may span over 9 meters / 30 feet and may be 2.5 meters / 8 feet high - often over bushes and even other impala
The page saysAn impala's leaps may span over 9 metres
The source saysthese jumps may span over 9 meters / 30 feetNote: vibe.reason

Source
04

AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database, Human Ageing Genomic Resources

AnAge entry for Aepyceros melampus. AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database, Human Ageing Genomic Resources.

The page saysthe AnAge database an average adult weight of 52.5 kg
The source saysAdult weight 52,500 gNote: 52,500 g converted to 52.5 kg
The page saysIn captivity, one animal lived at least 25.6 years
The source saysOne captive specimen lived at least 25.6Note: AnAge maximum longevity 25.6 years (captivity)
The page saysThe maximum longevity in the AnAge database is 25.6 years, from a captive animal that lived at least that long
The source saysMaximum longevity 25.6 years (captivity) ... One captive specimen lived at least 25.6

Source
05

Welsch et al. 1998

Welsch et al. (1998). Cutaneous glands of male and female impalas ( Aepyceros melampus ): seasonal activity changes and secretory mechanisms. Cell and Tissue Research.

The page saysa study of those glands suggests they probably play a social role, helping herd members keep or regain contact
The source saysthe metatarsal glands have a more general, probably social role maintaining and restoring contact between herd membersNote: metatarsal glands are the glands on the hind foot bone; the study is of impala cutaneous glands
The page saysa male's forehead glands change with the seasons, with the highest cellular activity during the rut, the breeding season, which fell in April and May
The source saysThe glands of the male forehead show marked seasonal changes in activity that are correlated with the main phases of the reproductive cycle, with the highest cellular activity occurring during the rut in April/May.
The page saysIn females, the forehead glands stay modest and show no seasonal change
The source saysThe female forehead glands are only moderately developed and do not undergo seasonal changes.

Source
06

Meyer et al. 2008

Meyer et al. (2008). Hyperthermia in captured impala (Aepyceros melampus): a fright not flight response. Journal of Wildlife Diseases.

The page saysIn a study of 26 impala fitted with temperature loggers, capture caused a sharp rise in body temperature
The source sayswe surgically implanted 26 impala (Aepyceros melampus) with miniature thermometric data loggers ... they developed a precipitous increase in body temperature.
The page sayswhich the researchers put down mainly to stress
The source sayscapture-induced hyperthermia in impala is caused predominantly by stress

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.