AnimalTracks.wiki

What the sources say

Great ScallopPecten maximus

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Great Scallop profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 37 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

Profile updated

Source
01

MarLIN, the Marine Life Information Network

Great scallop (Pecten maximus). MarLIN, the Marine Life Information Network.

The page saysEdges its mantle with tiny blue-green eyes
The source saysN umerous tiny eyes are embedded among the bases of the sensory tentacles around the edge of the mantleNote: tagline
The page saysswims by clapping its shell
The source saysPecten maximus is capable of swimming by rapidly clapping the valvesNote: tagline
The page saysClean firm sand and gravel
The source saysPrefers areas of clean firm sand, fine or sandy gravelNote: stats.habitat
The page says10 to 110 m
The source saysDepth range 10-110 mNote: stats.habitat
The page sayson the European Atlantic coast
The source saysoccurs along the European Atlantic coast from northern Norway, south to the Iberian peninsulaNote: stats.habitat
The page saysSeston, including phytoplankton, particulate organic matter and bacteria
The source saysSeston including phytoplankton, especially single celled algae, particulate organic matter (POM), bacteria and other micro-organismsNote: stats.diet
The page saysNumerous tiny eyes around the mantle edge, and a swim powered by clapping its valves
The source saysN umerous tiny eyes are embedded among the bases of the sensory tentacles around the edge of the mantleNote: stats.superpower; swim claim below
The page saysNot Evaluated
The source saysGreat scallop ( Pecten maximus )Note: stats.conservationStatus. No Red List assessment: the prefetch found no category in GBIF's copy of the Red List and no Crossref assessment DOI for Pecten maximus, and the Red List was not searched by hand beyond that. MarLIN is cited for the species name only. Precedent llama, domestic-cat.
The page sayscarries numerous tiny eyes, set among the bases of the sensory tentacles around the edge of its mantle
The source saysN umerous tiny eyes are embedded among the bases of the sensory tentacles around the edge of the mantle
The page saysThey are blue-green and no more than about 1.5 mm across
The source saysThe eyes are blue-green in colour and no more than ca 1.5 mm in diameter
The page saysthey have a highly specialized retina
The source sayshave a highly specialized retina
The page saysA shadow or a movement can make the scallop swim, orient itself, or shut its shell.
The source saysscallops will swim, orient themselves or close their shell in response to shadows or movement
The page saysIt swims by rapidly clapping its valves, which pushes water out on either side of the hinge so that the curved edge of the shell leads the way.
The source sayscapable of swimming by rapidly clapping the valves and expelling the water on either side of the dorsal hinge so that the scallop moves with the curved edge of the shell foremost
The page saysSwimming is mostly saved for escapes.
The source saysSwimming is generally limited to escape reactions.
The page saysextracts from two starfish that eat molluscs set off a full swimming response, while starfish that are not predators only caused a short jump or a closed shell
The source saysFull swimming response was initiated only by extracts of Asterias rubens and Astropecten irregularis which prey on molluscs, while limited jumping or valve-closing responses were induced by non-predatory starfish
The page saysNormally the scallop lies in a shallow hollow in the seabed.
The source saysPecten maximus normally lies recessed into slight hollows (recesses) in the seabed
The page saysstrong shell closures squirt water from inside the shell, and the jets blow sediment away
The source saysRecessing is achieved through a series of powerful adductions (valve closures) where water is ejected from the mantle cavity and lifts the shell at an angle to the seabed so that subsequent water jets blow a hollow into the sediment
The page saysThe shell grows up to 15 cm long
The source saysPecten maximus grows up to 15 cm long
The page saysspecimens of up to 21 cm have been recorded, though that is exceptional
The source saysSpecimens of up to 21 cm have been recorded, although this is exceptional
The page saysScallops caught for sale are usually 10 to 16 cm.
The source saysthe size range of scallops caught commercially is usually between 10 and 16 cm
The page saysEach year adds a growth ring to the shell, and these rings are used to age scallops
The source saysScallop shells bear distinct and concentric annual growth rings. The shells also bear numerous regularly occurring concentric striae 0.1-0.3 mm apart which are also used to age the scallops
The page saysA great scallop can live 11 to 20 years
The source saysLife span 11-20 years
The page saysOne author puts the maximum age at about 22 years.
The source saysMinchin (2003) states that the maximum age for Pecten maximus is about 22 years.
The page saysIt lives along the European Atlantic coast from northern Norway south to the Iberian peninsula, and has also been reported off West Africa, the Azores, the Canary Islands and Madeira.
The source saysoccurs along the European Atlantic coast from northern Norway, south to the Iberian peninsula and has also been reported off West Africa, the Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira
The page saysIt lies at 10 to 110 m, on clean firm sand or fine gravel.
The source saysDepth range 10-110 m
The page sayson clean firm sand or fine gravel
The source saysPrefers areas of clean firm sand, fine or sandy gravel
The page saysA great scallop is an active suspension feeder
The source saysCharacteristic feeding method Active suspension feeder
The page saysincluding phytoplankton, especially single-celled algae, plus bacteria and other microbes
The source saysSeston including phytoplankton, especially single celled algae, particulate organic matter (POM), bacteria and other micro-organisms
The page saysMarLIN lists a life span of 11 to 20 years
The source saysLife span 11-20 yearsNote: FAQ; the 22-year maximum is claim 32
The page saysthe maximum age at about 22 years
The source saysMinchin (2003) states that the maximum age for Pecten maximus is about 22 years.
The page saysMarLIN gives a depth range of 10 to 110 m, on sea floors of clean sand and gravel.
The source saysDepth range 10-110 mNote: FAQ
The page saysIt claps its valves to push water out beside its hinge, but MarLIN says swimming is generally limited to escape reactions.
The source saysSwimming is generally limited to escape reactions.Note: FAQ; clapping claim above
The page saysA great scallop swims by rapidly clapping its two shell valves, which pushes water out beside the hinge
The source sayscapable of swimming by rapidly clapping the valves and expelling the water on either side of the dorsal hinge so that the scallop moves with the curved edge of the shell foremostNote: vibe.reason

Source
02

Kenny et al. 2020

Kenny et al. (2020). The gene-rich genome of the scallop Pecten maximus. GigaScience.

The page saysShellfish can pile up algal neurotoxins this way.
The source saysSome shellfish (e.g., scallops, P. maximus ; mussels, Mytilus edulis ; cockles, Cerastoderma edule ; razor clams, Siliqua patula ), fish (e.g., anchovy, Engraulis mordax ; European sardine, Sardina pilchardus ; and Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis ), and crabs (e.g., Cancer magister ) accumulate algal neurotoxins by filtration of phytoplankton or by ingestion of contaminated organisms
The page saysThe genome paper calls the scallop resistant to saxitoxin and domoic acid, two such toxins.
The source saysthe means by which this species is resistant to neurotoxins such as saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA). DA and STX are potent neurotoxins produced by certain species of phytoplankton
The page saysIt is fished commercially across its range, most heavily around France and the United Kingdom.
The source saysIt is commercially fished across its range, most heavily around France and the United Kingdom
The page saysThe same paper called it the most valuable single-species fishery in the English Channel, with about 35,000 tonnes landed internationally in 2016.
The source saysis the most valuable single-species fishery in the English Channel with ∼35,000 tonnes of international landings reported in 2016

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.