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What the sources say

GerenukLitocranius walleri

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Gerenuk profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 42 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan

Litocranius walleri (gerenuk). Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

The page saysA bipedal antelope of Africa's dry thornbush that rears onto its hind legs to reach leaves other antelope can't
The source saysthe ability to stand on their hind legs allows L. walleri to obtain tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope species
The page saysdoes not drink standing water, relying instead on the succulent plants it eats
The source saysL. walleri does not drink free standing water, they instead rely on water taken in when they eat succulent plants.
The page saysfrom Tanzania's treeless plains to the dry high deserts of Kenya
The source saysThe habitat that Litocranius walleri occupies varies from the treeless plains of Tanzania in the southern reaches of its range to the dry high deserts of Kenya.
The page saysand succulent plants for water
The source saysL. walleri does not drink free standing water, they instead rely on water taken in when they eat succulent plants.
The page saysmore than 80 plant species have been found in one gerenuk's stomach
The source saysOver 80 different species of plants have been found in a single individuals stomach.
The page saysRears onto its hind legs to browse tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope species
The source saysthe ability to stand on their hind legs allows L. walleri to obtain tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope species
The page saysAdult gerenuks stay motionless at the approach of danger, a habit more common in forest-dwelling antelope than in desert-adapted ones
The source saysAs adults they show an adaptation that is more common to forest dwelling antelopes than to desert-adapted ones, they freeze at the aproach of danger.
The page saysFawns also keep still, hidden in bushes and tall grass not far from their feeding mother
The source saysYoung L. walleri remain motionless while hiding in the bushes and tall grasses not far from their mothers during the day when the mother is feeding.
The page saysA 2003 account on Animal Diversity Web
The source saysLast updated: 2003-05-22
The page saysthe species was once found in eastern Egypt and northeastern Sudan as well
The source saysThe species was once found in eastern Egypt and northeastern Sudan as well.
The page saysMales and females are a similar size, but males are more muscular, which makes them heavier
The source saysBoth sexes of L. walleri are of similar size but the males are more muscular than females causing them to outweigh them.
The page saysHorns are a male-only feature
The source saysOnly males of this species have head ornamentation in the form of scimitar shaped horns
The page saysA gerenuk's long neck and long, thin legs are its defining features, making it one of the world's most easily recognized antelopes
The source saysThe long neck and long, thin legs of gerenuks are their defining features; these make them one of the world's most easily recognized antelopes.
The page saysIt weighs 29 to 58 kilograms and runs 140 to 160 centimetres in body length, plus a 220 to 350-millimetre tail
The source saysMass ranges from 29 to 58 kg, total body length from 140 to 160 cm, and tail length from 220 to 350 mm.
The page saysOnly males carry horns, curved and scimitar-shaped, 25 to 44 centimetres long
The source saysOnly males of this species have head ornamentation in the form of scimitar shaped horns ranging from 25 to 44 centimeters in length.
The page saysThe coat is pale tawny brown, white along the breast and belly, with a dark patch around each eye that fades outward into a white rim
The source saysThe pelage is a pale tawny brown with white along the breast, underbelly, and inner legs. ... On the head there is a dark patch around the eyes that pales as it goes outward until it forms a white rim.
The page saysLong neck, long legs and the ability to stand on its hind legs let the gerenuk reach tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope species
The source saysTheir long necks, long legs, and the ability to stand on their hind legs allows L. walleri to obtain tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope species.
The page saysThat reach lets the gerenuk be selective about what it eats
The source saysThis permits gerenuks to be selective in the foods they eatNote: 'lets' paraphrases the source's 'This permits'
The page saysMore than 80 different plant species have been found in a single gerenuk's stomach
The source saysOver 80 different species of plants have been found in a single individuals stomach.
The page saysThe gerenuk lives across a range of dry habitats, from Tanzania's treeless plains to Kenya's high deserts, and does well in a variety of them as long as there's a good supply of succulent plants
The source saysThe habitat that Litocranius walleri occupies varies from the treeless plains of Tanzania in the southern reaches of its range to the dry high deserts of Kenya. They are adaptable and do well in a variety of habitats, provided there is a good supply of succulent plants.
The page saysIt does not drink from standing water, relying instead on the water it takes in from the succulent plants it eats
The source saysL. walleri does not drink free standing water, they instead rely on water taken in when they eat succulent plants.
The page saysMale gerenuks are solitary and very territorial
The source saysMales are solitary and very territorial
The page saysDominant males mark out a territory on trees and shrubs with their preorbital gland, a scent gland in front of the eye
The source saysDominant males establish territories by marking trees and shrubs with their preorbital gland.
The page saysA male's territory can run 300 to 850 acres and support several individuals
The source saysThe size of a males territory can range from 300 to 850 acres and can support several indivduals.
The page saysFemales move in small bands of up to about 10, usually related adults with young, roaming freely across male territories
The source saysFemales form small bands of up to about 10 individuals, usualy related adults with young. These groups of females and young roam freely throughout male territories.
The page saysLions, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs, hyenas, servals, caracals, honey badgers and large eagles are known predators of gerenuks
The source sayscheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) leopards (Panthera pardus) lions (Panthera leo) cape hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) hyenas (Hyaeninae) servals (Leptailurus serval) ratel (Mellivora capensis) caracals (Caracal caracal) large eagles (Accipitridae)Note: 'cape hunting dogs' and 'ratel' are ADW's names for the African wild dog and honey badger
The page saysA gerenuk rears onto its hind legs to reach tree leaves other antelope can't
The source saysthe ability to stand on their hind legs allows L. walleri to obtain tree leaves that are out of reach for most other antelope speciesNote: vibe.reason; 'other antelope' paraphrases 'most other antelope species'
The page saysadults freeze when danger approaches
The source saysAs adults they show an adaptation that is more common to forest dwelling antelopes than to desert-adapted ones, they freeze at the aproach of danger.Note: vibe.reason

Source
02

AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database

Litocranius walleri. AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database.

The page saysGerenuks have been estimated to live up to 12 years in the wild
The source saysIn the wild, these animals have been estimated to live up to 12 years [ 0542 ].Note: AnAge (build 2023) replaces ADW's 2003 'averages 10 - 12 years': AnAge treats 12 as a maximum
The page saysone captive gerenuk lived for 17.3 years
The source saysOne captive specimen lived for 17.3 years [ 0671 ].

Source
03

Bärmann, Klappert & Chen 2021

Bärmann, Klappert & Chen (2021). Litocranius walleri (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species.

The page saysArid thornbush savannah of northeastern Africa
The source saysIt is commonly found in dry thornbush savannah in northeastern AfricaNote: current range from the 2021 account; ADW's 2003 country list was dropped as a dated current-state claim. 'Arid' keeps the desert biome and matches ADW's 'forage from their arid habitats'
The page saysMostly leaves of thorny shrubs and trees
The source sayswhere it feeds almost exclusively on thorny shrubs and trees
The page saysThe gerenuk is the only species in its own genus, Litocranius
The source saysL. walleri is the only species in the genus Litocranius.
The page saysit remains a close relative of the gazelles
The source saysIt is a medium-sized antelope closely related to gazelles and springbok
The page saysA newer species account in Mammalian Species places it in the dry thornbush savannah of northeastern Africa
The source saysIt is commonly found in dry thornbush savannah in northeastern AfricaNote: the 2021 Mammalian Species account (Bärmann, Klappert & Chen); no year on the page because the FAQ's ref is ADW
The page saysand reports that its population is decreasing
The source saysbecause its population trends are decreasing
The page saysThe gerenuk (*Litocranius walleri*) is an antelope of the dry thornbush savannah of northeastern Africa, and it often eats standing up
The source saysIt is commonly found in dry thornbush savannah in northeastern Africa, where it feeds almost exclusively on thorny shrubs and trees while frequently using a bipedal stance.
The page saysIt feeds almost exclusively on thorny shrubs and trees, frequently using this bipedal stance to do it
The source sayswhere it feeds almost exclusively on thorny shrubs and trees while frequently using a bipedal stance
The page saysIt's a medium-sized antelope closely related to gazelles and springbok, but unlike them it has low-crowned teeth, meaning teeth with short chewing crowns
The source saysIt is a medium-sized antelope closely related to gazelles and springbok, but unlike these it has low-crowned teeth.
The page saysThe IUCN lists the species as Near Threatened because its population is decreasing
The source saysL. walleri is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) because its population trends are decreasing.

Source
04

Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Litocranius walleri (Brooke, 1879). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

The page saysIt was first described as Gazella walleri, and that old name survives as a synonym today
The source saysLitocranius walleri (Brooke, 1879) ... Synonym(s): Litocranius walleri walleri (Brooke, 1879) Gazella walleri Brooke, 1879Note: year dropped: ITIS gives 1879, the 2021 Mammalian Species account gives Brooke, 1878

Source
05

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016

Litocranius walleri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T12142A50190292.

The page saysNear Threatened
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Near Threatened (NT).Note: iucnredlist.org refuses scripts; category read via GBIF's copy of the Red List (node_modules/.cache/animaltracks/source-text/e1a227236687cb0a.txt)

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.