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What the sources say

GaurBos gaurus

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Gaur profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 55 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Duckworth et al. 2016

Duckworth et al. (2016). Bos gaurus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T2891A46363646.

The page saysForests and grassy openings in scattered areas of South and Southeast Asia, from India to Peninsular Malaysia
The source saysCurrently it occurs in scattered areas in the following range states: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia only), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Viet Nam
The page saysForests and grassy openings
The source saysthe species was largely confined to evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forestNote: Habitat clause; grassy openings from the next quote
The page saysForests and grassy openings
The source saysin closed canopy forests areas the species appears to frequent grassy openings
The page saysGrasses, leaves, fruit, twigs, bark and bamboo
The source saysreportedly eating mostly young green grasses but also leaves, fruit, twigs, and bark of various woody species, as well as coarse dry grasses, and bamboo
The page saysVulnerable
The source saysRed List Category & Criteria: Vulnerable A2cd+3cd+4cd ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016Note: Status read from the as-published Red List page (Wayback copy); GBIF has no category for taxon 2891.
The page saysGaur once lived across mainland South and Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka
The source saysGaur historically occurred throughout mainland south and southeast Asia and Sri Lanka
The page saysNow they survive in scattered areas of ten countries: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
The source saysCurrently it occurs in scattered areas in the following range states: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia only), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Viet Nam
The page saysThey range from sea level to at least 2,800 m
The source saysThe Gaur occurs from sea level up to at least 2,800 m asl
The page saysA gaur is both a grazer and a browser
The source saysGaur both grazes and browses
The page saysIt reportedly eats mostly young green grasses, plus leaves, fruit, twigs, bark and bamboo
The source saysreportedly eating mostly young green grasses but also leaves, fruit, twigs, and bark of various woody species, as well as coarse dry grasses, and bamboo
The page saysCaptive gaur are reported to eat about 20 kg of green fodder a day
The source saysCaptive Gaur are reported to eat about 20 kg of green fodder per day
The page saysIn undisturbed areas, gaur are mainly active by day
The source saysIn undisturbed areas, Gaur is mainly diurnal
The page saysWhere human disturbance is high, they are reported to become mainly nocturnal
The source saysin areas of high human disturbance, it is reported to become mainly nocturnal
The page saysThe IUCN rated the gaur Vulnerable in 2016
The source saysRed List Category & Criteria: Vulnerable A2cd+3cd+4cd ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016
The page saysthe gaur's global distribution has shrunk by over 80% in the past 100 years
The source saysThe global distribution of the Gaur has reduced by over 80% in past 100 years
The page saysit is now mostly limited to habitats within protected areas
The source saysGaur is now mostly limited to habitats within protected areas
The page sayshunting for wild meat and for the horn trade in Southeast Asia, and habitat loss and hunting for meat in South Asia
The source sayswild meat hunting and hunting for the trade in horns in Southeast Asia, habitat loss and hunting for meat in South Asia
The page saysRinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease, passed on by domestic cattle, are a potentially serious danger across the gaur's range
The source saysThroughout the range, diseases, particularly rinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease, transmitted by domestic cattle are a potentially serious threat
The page saysThe mithun, also called the gayal, is the domesticated form of the gaur, and the IUCN treats it as a separate species, Bos frontalis
The source saysThe domesticated form of Gaur, considered by IUCN a separate species ( Bos frontalis ; Mythun, Mithan or Gayal)
The page saysThe gaur's Red List assessment leaves the domestic animal out
The source saysThis animal is excluded from the red-listing considerations for Gaur
The page saysThe IUCN estimates 15,000 to 35,000 animals worldwide
The source saysThe global population is estimated to lie within 15,000-35,000 animals
The page saysit calls most of the population figures for the gaur little more than guesses
The source saysMost population figures given for numbers of Gaur are little more than guesses
The page saysThe trend is decreasing
The source saysCurrent Population Trend: Decreasing
The page saysGrass, Leaves and Bark
The source saysreportedly eating mostly young green grasses but also leaves, fruit, twigs, and bark of various woody species, as well as coarse dry grasses, and bamboo
The page saysNight shift in disturbed areas
The source saysin areas of high human disturbance, it is reported to become mainly nocturnal
The page saysDisease is a potential threat too
The source saysdiseases, particularly rinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease, transmitted by domestic cattle are a potentially serious threat
The page saysNot quite
The source saysThe domesticated form of Gaur, considered by IUCN a separate species

Source
02

Ogilvie 1953

Ogilvie (1953). The Behaviour of Seladang (Bibos gaurus). Oryx.

The page saysone warden wrote, are prepared to stand and fight a tiger rather than run
The source saysthey may fear tiger, and undoubtedly there are losses from the herd on the tiger's account, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to ... stand and fight rather than run
The page saysHerds that, one warden wrote, stand and fight a tiger rather than run
The source saysthey may fear tiger, and undoubtedly there are losses from the herd on the tiger's account, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to ... stand and fight rather than run
The page saysFaced with a tiger, a gaur herd may not scatter
The source saysthey may fear tiger, and undoubtedly there are losses from the herd on the tiger's account, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to ... stand and fight rather than run
The page saysA game warden in Malaya wrote in 1953 that the gaur, which he called seladang, may fear a tiger, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to stand and fight rather than run
The source saysSeladang under normal conditions fear man ... they may fear tiger, and undoubtedly there are losses from the herd on the tiger's account, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to ... stand and fight rather than runNote: Author C. S. Ogilvie, Game Warden, Federation of Malaya (publisher page); title 'The Behaviour of Seladang (Bibos gaurus)' gives the name seladang for Bibos gaurus.
The page saysthe herd bunched up and moved forward toward the tiger's angry voice
The source saysmoved forward five or six paces in the direction of the tiger's angry voice. In doing so they had bunched
The page saysUnder normal conditions, he wrote, gaur fear man, and the sight or sound of one is enough to set them running
The source saysSeladang under normal conditions fear man, and either sound or sight of him is enough to set them on the run
The page sayswrote in 1953
The source saysOryx , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , November 1953
The page saysStanding Up to a Tiger
The source saysthey may fear tiger, and undoubtedly there are losses from the herd on the tiger's account, but they know their combined strength and are prepared to ... stand and fight rather than run
The page saysPeople get a different reaction
The source saysSeladang under normal conditions fear man, and either sound or sight of him is enough to set them on the run
The page saysIn one encounter a game warden described, a gaur herd facing a tiger bunched up and moved forward
The source saysmoved forward five or six paces in the direction of the tiger's angry voice. In doing so they had bunched

Source
03

Ahrestani et al. 2011

Ahrestani et al. (2011). Contrasting timing of parturition of chital Axis axis and gaur Bos gaurus in tropical South India - the role of body mass and seasonal forage quality. Oikos.

The page saysAn adult female weighs about 600 kg
The source saysgaur Bos gaurus (adult female ∼ 600 kg)
The page saysweightKg: 600
The source saysgaur Bos gaurus (adult female ∼ 600 kg)Note: task #1261; AnAge's 825 kg is filed under Bos frontalis, which may mix in the mithun. Both are Heavy.

Source
04

Ahrestani & Prins 2011

Ahrestani & Prins (2011). Age and sex determination of gaur Bos gaurus (Bovidae). Mammalia.

The page saysmales top out at a shoulder height of 175 cm, and females at 147 cm
The source saysmaximum shoulder heights of 175 cm and 147 cm for males and females, respectively
The page saysResearchers measured captive gaur in zoos in India and the USA
The source saysWe studied captive gaur for two years in Mysore Zoo, India and Omaha Zoo, USA
The page saysthe more white on the horns, the older the animal
The source saysthe greater the amount of white on the horns of a gaur, the older it is
The page saysThe same study found that a gaur's horns show its age
The source saysthe greater the amount of white on the horns of a gaur, the older it is

Source
05

Kamalakkannan et al. 2020

Kamalakkannan et al. (2020). The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications. Scientific Reports.

The page saysThe largest living wild cattle
The source saysThe gaur is the largest extant cattle species
The page saysThe gaur is the largest living wild cattle species
The source saysThe gaur , Bos gaurus also known as “Indian bison” is the largest living wild cattle species
The page saysAround 85% of them live in India
The source saysAround 85% of its current global population resides in India
The page saysWild Cattle, Built Big
The source saysThe gaur , Bos gaurus also known as “Indian bison” is the largest living wild cattle species

Source
06

Gad & Shyama 2009

Gad & Shyama (2009). Studies on the food and feeding habits of Gaur Bos gaurus H. Smith (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in two protected areas of Goa. Journal of Threatened Taxa.

The page saysIn two reserves in Goa, 32 plant species made up the diet, with leaves the preferred food at 87%
The source saysAltogether, 32 species of plants belonging to 17 families constitute the gaur diet. ... with a preference for leaves (87%)

Source
07

Lanza et al. 2000

Lanza et al. (2000). Cloning of an Endangered Species (Bos gaurus) Using Interspecies Nuclear Transfer.

The page saysScientists once put cells from a gaur bull into emptied egg cells from domestic cows
The source saysSomatic cells from a gaur bull (Bos gaurus) ... were electrofused with enucleated oocytes from domestic cows
The page saysSome of the embryos grew inside surrogate cows, and two fetuses went past 180 and 200 days of gestation
The source says18% of these embryos developed to the fetal stage when transferred to surrogate mothers ... two continued gestation longer than 180 (ongoing) and 200 days, respectively
The page saysTheir cell nuclei were gaur, but their mitochondrial DNA came from the cow's egg
The source saysthe nuclear genome of the cloned animals was gaurus in origin ... the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within all the tissue types evaluated was derived exclusively from the recipient bovine oocytes

Source
08

AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database, Build 15, Human Ageing Genomic Resources

AnAge entry for Bos frontalis (Gaur). AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database, Build 15, Human Ageing Genomic Resources.

The page saysputs the average adult gaur at 825 kg
The source saysLife history traits (averages) ... Adult weight 825,000 gNote: AnAge files the gaur as Bos frontalis (common name Gaur; synonym Bos gaurus); 825,000 g = 825 kg.
The page saysOne gaur in captivity lived 26.2 years
The source saysOne animal lived 26.2 years in captivity

Source
09

Shameer et al. 2025

Shameer et al. (2025). Ecological and temporal drivers of human-gaur conflict in Tamil Nadu, India. Discover Animals.

The page saysdangerLevel: Deadly
The source saysLivestock depredation and human deaths represented 11.66% and 8.98%, respectively.Note: task #1261; capability reading (#631): gaur conflicts in Tamil Nadu include human deaths. Hand-cached from link.springer.com via Chrome; the script fetch gets a JS shell.
The page saysIn Tamil Nadu's compensation records from 2016 to 2024, nearly a third of conflicts with gaur were human injuries, and about 9% were human deaths.
The source saysThis was followed by human injury, which comprised 30.70% of the total incidents. Livestock depredation and human deaths represented 11.66% and 8.98%, respectively.Note: task #1261; the records are 'compensation records related to crop damage, human injury, and death across 48 forest divisions in Tamil Nadu between 2016 and 2024'; 30.70% is 'nearly a third', 8.98% 'about 9%'

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.