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What the sources say

Eastern Brown SnakePseudonaja textilis

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Eastern Brown Snake profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 51 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Australian Museum

Eastern Brown Snake. Australian Museum.

The page saysSeems to prefer open woodland, scrub and savannah grassland across eastern Australia
The source saysthey seem to prefer open landscapes such as woodlands, scrublands, and savannah grasslandsNote: stats.habitat
The page saysis frequently encountered on the edges of many large towns and cities
The source saysis also frequently encountered on the suburban periphery of many large towns and citiesNote: stats.habitat
The page saysFrogs, reptiles and their eggs, birds and mammals, especially introduced rats and mice
The source saysEastern Brown Snakes eat a variety of vertebrates, including frogs, reptiles and reptile eggs, birds and mammals, particularly introduced rats and miceNote: stats.diet
The page saysThe Australian Museum says it contains powerful presynaptic neurotoxins
The source saysThe venom contains powerful presynaptic neurotoxins, procoagulants, cardiotoxins and nephrotoxins
The page saysSuccessful envenomation can result in progressive paralysis and uncontrollable bleeding
The source sayssuccessful envenomation can result in progressive paralysis and uncontrollable bleeding
The page saysYet compared with other elapids its size, the fangs are quite small, around 3 mm, and the average venom yield is around 4 mg, although the record was 67 mg
The source saysRelative to other similar-sized elapids the fangs of the Eastern Brown are quite small (around 3mm), as is the average venom yield (around 4mg, although the record venom yield was 67mg)
The page saysEastern browns average around 1.5 m in total length
The source saysAverage around 1.5m (total length)
The page saysThe largest specimen reliably measured was 2,013 mm.
The source saysThe largest specimen reliably measured and recorded had a total length of 6 feet, 7 1/4 inches (= 2013 mm)
The page saysThe life span of wild Eastern Browns is unknown, but they have been recorded living as long as 7 years in captivity
The source saysThe life span of wild Eastern Browns is unknown, however they have been recorded to live as long as 7 years in captivity
The page sayswidespread throughout eastern Australia, from northern Queensland to South Australia, with isolated populations in central and western Northern Territory
The source sayswidespread throughout eastern Australia, from northern Queensland to South Australia, with isolated population occurring in central and western Northern Territory
The page saysIt can be found across a wide range of habitats, excluding rainforest and alpine regions
The source sayscan be found across a wide range of habitats (excluding rainforest and alpine regions)
The page saysbut it seems to prefer open woodland, scrub and savannah grassland
The source saysthey seem to prefer open landscapes such as woodlands, scrublands, and savannah grasslandsNote: stats.habitat
The page saysFarming has been a boon, and their numbers have proliferated thanks to the ready supply of rodents that followed
The source sayshas proved a boon for the Eastern Brown Snake, and their numbers have proliferated thanks to the ready supply of rodents that followed
The page saysBrown snakes hunt by actively looking for prey and searching in likely hiding places
The source saysBrown snakes hunt by actively looking for prey and searching in likely hiding places
The page saysThey have good eyesight, and once prey is detected they will give chase
The source saysThey have good eyesight and once prey is detected they will give chase
The page saysThey subdue it using both venom and constriction
The source sayssubdue the prey using both venom and constriction
The page saysThe menu includes frogs, reptiles and reptile eggs, birds and mammals, particularly introduced rats and mice
The source saysEastern Brown Snakes eat a variety of vertebrates, including frogs, reptiles and reptile eggs, birds and mammals, particularly introduced rats and miceNote: stats.diet
The page saysLarger snakes tend to eat more warm-blooded prey
The source sayslarger snakes tend to consume more warm-blooded prey
The page saysIn its strong threat display, the snake raises the front of its body well off the ground in an s-shaped coil, mouth slightly open, ready to strike
The source saysIf issuing a strong threat, the snake raises the anterior part of the body well off the ground in an s-shaped coil and with the mouth slightly open, ready to strike
The page saysBoth of its displays spread the neck
The source saysThe common feature of both displays is the spreading of the neck
The page saysIn captive trials, strike speeds ranged 0.25 to 1.80 metres per second, with a mean of 1.11
The source saysObservations in captivity have shown that for strikes in general, no matter what the posture, there was no correlation between strike speed and ambient temperature (18º-36 C), body mass or sex. Strike speeds ranged 0.25-1.80 m/sec (mean = 1.11 m/sec; n = 48)
The page saysSpeed did not correlate with temperature, which is unexpected in an ectotherm
The source saysThe lack of correlation between strike speed and temperature is unexpected in an ectotherm
The page saysIf approached over a distance, they will usually flee or stay still
The source saysif approached over a distance, they will usually choose to flee or else remain stationary
The page saysThey appear to be immune to the venom of the mulga snake, a would-be predator
The source saysThey appear to have immunity to the venom of a would-be predator, the Mulga Snake
The page saysthey rapidly die from eating cane toads
The source saysthey are not so fortunate with the effects of cane toad venom and rapidly die from ingesting them
The page saysThe Australian Museum says the species causes more deaths from snake bite than any other snake in Australia
The source saysThis species has the unfortunate distinction of causing more deaths from snake bite than any other species of snake in Australia
The page saysThere is some suggestion that northern snakes are larger than southern ones
The source saysThere is some suggestion that snakes in the northern part of the range are larger than those in the southern partNote: FAQ 1
The page saysA clutch can hold up to 25 eggs, with 15 the average
The source saysFemales can lay up to 25 eggs (15 on average) in a clutchNote: FAQ 4
The page saysabout 36 days at 30 degrees C, and as long as 95 days at 25 degrees C
The source saysthe eggs may take from 36 days (30ºC) to 95 days (25ºC) to hatchNote: FAQ 4
The page saysSmall fangs for an elapid its size, a modest average dose
The source saysRelative to other similar-sized elapids the fangs of the Eastern Brown are quite small (around 3mm), as is the average venom yieldNote: tagline
The page saysits largest specimen reliably measured and recorded reached 2,013 mm
The source saysThe largest specimen reliably measured and recorded had a total length of 6 feet, 7 1/4 inches (= 2013 mm)Note: FAQ 1
The page saysThe Australian Museum puts the average at around 1.5 metres in total length
The source saysAverage around 1.5m (total length)Note: FAQ 1
The page saysCompared with other elapids of similar size, its fangs (about 3 mm) and its average venom yield (about 4 mg) are both quite small
The source saysRelative to other similar-sized elapids the fangs of the Eastern Brown are quite small (around 3mm), as is the average venom yield (around 4mgNote: FAQ 2
The page saysthough one snake once gave 67 mg
The source saysthe record venom yield was 67mgNote: FAQ 2
The page saysClearing land for farms proved a boon: their numbers have proliferated on the ready supply of rodents that followed
The source saysBroad-scale clearing of land for agriculture, while disastrous for many native creatures, has proved a boon for the Eastern Brown Snake, and their numbers have proliferated thanks to the ready supply of rodents that followedNote: FAQ 3
The page saysThe Australian Museum says they are also frequently encountered on the suburban periphery of many large towns and cities
The source saysis also frequently encountered on the suburban periphery of many large towns and citiesNote: FAQ 3
The page saysWhat it lacks in venom delivery it makes up for in potency
The source sayswhat the snake lacks in venom delivery it makes up for in potencyNote: FAQ 2
The page saysTwo kinds of threat
The source saysthe Eastern Brown displays one of two forms of threatNote: heading
The page saysNot on average, for a snake its size
The source saysRelative to other similar-sized elapids the fangs of the Eastern Brown are quite small (around 3mm), as is the average venom yieldNote: FAQ 2
The page saysFangs of around 3 mm and an average dose of about 4 mg
The source saysRelative to other similar-sized elapids the fangs of the Eastern Brown are quite small (around 3mm), as is the average venom yield (around 4mgNote: vibe.reason

Source
02

Tallowin et al. 2018

Tallowin et al. (2018). Pseudonaja textilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T42493315A42493324.

The page saysLeast Concern
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Least Concern (LC).Note: stats.conservationStatus; GBIF's copy of the Red List, checked against taxon id 42493315.

Source
03

Lechtenberg et al. 2013

Lechtenberg et al. (2013). Crystal structure of the prothrombinase complex from the venom of Pseudonaja textilis. Blood.

The page saysA ready-made clotting engine, pseutarin C, preassembled in the venom gland
The source saysPseutarin C is an intrinsically stable prothrombinase complex preassembled in the venom glandNote: stats.superpower
The page saysit sits preassembled in the snake's venom gland
The source saysPseutarin C is an intrinsically stable prothrombinase complex preassembled in the venom gland
The page sayscalls this kind of complex the molecular engine of blood coagulation
The source saysthe architecture and mechanism of the prothrombinase complex-the molecular engine of blood coagulation
The page saysPseutarin C is a prothrombinase complex (a pair of proteins that together convert prothrombin to thrombin)
The source saysThe prothrombinase complex, composed of the protease factor (f)Xa and cofactor fVa, efficiently converts prothrombin to thrombinNote: body; prothrombinase complex named in abstract
The page saysPseutarin C is a prothrombinase complex
The source saysPseutarin C is an intrinsically stable prothrombinase complex

Source
04

Birrell et al. 2006

Birrell et al. (2006). Molecular Diversity in Venom from the Australian Brown Snake, Pseudonaja textilis. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.

The page saysA proteomic study called the venom the second most toxic snake venom known
The source saysis the second most toxic snake venom known
The page saysand the second most toxic snake venom known
The source saysis the second most toxic snake venom knownNote: tagline
The page saysthe second most toxic snake venom known
The source saysis the second most toxic snake venom knownNote: vibe.reason

Source
05

Rao & Kini 2002

Rao & Kini (2002). Pseutarin C, a Prothrombin Activator from Pseudonaja textilis Venom: Its Structural and Functional Similarity to Mammalian Coagulation Factor Xa-Va Complex. Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

The page saysThe venom's clotting protein pseutarin C is the first venom procoagulant protein that is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian factor Xa-Va complex.
The source sayspseutarin C is the first venom procoagulant protein that is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian factor Xa-Va complex

Source
06

Whitaker 1999

Whitaker (1999). Behavioural ecology of the eastern brownsnake, Pseudonaja textilis, and implications for human envenomation. PhD thesis, University of Sydney.

The page saysweightKg: 0.444
The source saysmean mass 444 g, range 152 - 685 gNote: 12 adult radio-tracked brownsnakes (5 males, 7 females, mean SVL 1.18 m); scope is that sample, so the figure is a typical adult, not a species mean. Retires the Medium name guess (10 to 100 kg).

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.