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What the sources say

American RobinTurdus migratorius

Every figure, record and mechanism on the American Robin profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 40 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021

Turdus migratorius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T103889499A139392811.

The page saysThe Red List rates it Least Concern
The source saysLeast Concern
The page saysLeast Concern
The source saysLeast Concern

Source
02

Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute

American robin. Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute.

The page saysA lawn hunter that weighs about as much as three AA batteries
The source saysThey weigh 2.7-3 ounces (77-85 grams), about the same weight as three AA batteries.
The page saysForest edges, pastures, farmland, parks and towns over most of North America
The source saysRobins live in forest edges, swampy areas, open clearings, pastures and farmland. They are also extremely common in human-dominated areas, like parks, gardens, backyards and urban areas.
The page saysAn adult robin is 20 to 28 centimeters (7.9 to 11 inches) long, with a wingspan of 31 to 40 centimeters
The source saysAdults are between 7.9-11 inches (20-28 centimeters) long, and have a wingspan that ranges from 12.2-15.8 inches (31-40 centimeters) in length.
The page saysweighs 77 to 85 grams, about the same as three AA batteries
The source saysThey weigh 2.7-3 ounces (77-85 grams), about the same weight as three AA batteries.
The page saysIt lives in forest edges, pastures and farmland, and it is extremely common in parks, gardens, backyards and cities
The source saysRobins live in forest edges, swampy areas, open clearings, pastures and farmland. They are also extremely common in human-dominated areas, like parks, gardens, backyards and urban areas.
The page saysSome robins that breed in the northern United States and Canada fly south for the winter to the southern U.S., Mexico and Central America
The source saysSome populations breed in the northern United States and Canada and fly south for the winter to the southern U.S., Mexico, and Central America.
The page saysMany others stay in colder areas year-round, traveling to wherever they can find food
The source saysmany populations live in colder areas year-round, traveling based on wherever they can find food.
The page saysIn the wild a robin typically lives one to two years, though the National Zoo says one can live up to 13
The source saysAmerican robins can live up to 13 years, but typically one to two years in the wild.
The page saysIn some areas robins even keep a schedule, eating worms and insects in the morning and switching to fruit in the afternoon
The source saysIn some areas, robins change their diets based on the time of day; they eat worms and insects in the morning and switch over to fruit in the afternoon.
The page saysBetween 77 and 85 grams, which the National Zoo compares to three AA batteries
The source saysThey weigh 2.7-3 ounces (77-85 grams), about the same weight as three AA batteries.
The page saysAdults are 20 to 28 centimeters long
The source saysAdults are between 7.9-11 inches (20-28 centimeters) long
The page saysTypically one to two years in the wild, but the National Zoo says they can reach 13 years
The source saysAmerican robins can live up to 13 years, but typically one to two years in the wild.
The page saysSome northern breeders do head to the southern U.S., Mexico and Central America, but many populations stay in colder areas year-round and move around to wherever the food is
The source saysSome populations breed in the northern United States and Canada and fly south for the winter to the southern U.S., Mexico, and Central America. However, many populations live in colder areas year-round, traveling based on wherever they can find food.
The page saysearthworms are on the menu
The source saysin search of earthworms and insects to eat
The page saysweightKg: 0.08
The source saysThey weigh 2.7-3 ounces (77-85 grams)Note: battleStats.weightKg, typical adult (#1117)

Source
03

Audubon Guide to North American Birds

American Robin. Audubon Guide to North American Birds.

The page saysA lawn hunter
The source saysrunning and hopping on lawns with an upright stance
The page saysForest edges, pastures, farmland, parks and towns over most of North America
The source saysA very familiar bird over most of North America
The page saysMostly insects, berries and earthworms
The source saysMostly insects, berries, and earthworms.
The page saysA song that often starts just before first light
The source saysThe American Robin's rich caroling is among the earliest bird songs heard at dawn in spring and summer, often beginning just before first light.
The page saysAudubon says the robin apparently locates earthworms by sight (not, as had been suggested, by hearing them move underground)
The source saysthe American Robin apparently locates earthworms by sight (not, as had been suggested, by hearing them move underground)
The page saysWhen northerners see their "first robin of spring," it may be a bird that has wintered only a few miles away, not one that has just arrived from southern climates
The source sayswhen northerners see their "first robin of spring," it may be a bird that has wintered only a few miles away, not one that has just arrived from southern climates.
The page saysAudubon calls it a very familiar bird over most of North America
The source saysA very familiar bird over most of North America
The page saysIn early summer, insects make up the majority of a robin's diet, and it also eats many earthworms, snails and spiders
The source saysIn early summer, insects make up the majority of the American Robin's diet; it also feeds on many earthworms, snails, spiders, and other invertebrates.
The page saysIt feeds heavily on fruit, especially in winter, when robin flocks gather in wooded areas where trees or shrubs carry good crops of berries
The source saysFeeds heavily on fruit, especially in winter
The page saysIt feeds heavily on fruit, especially in winter, when robin flocks gather in wooded areas where trees or shrubs carry good crops of berries
The source saysIn winter, American Robin flocks gather in wooded areas where trees or shrubs have good crops of berries.
The page saysTheir rich caroling is among the earliest bird songs heard at dawn in spring and summer, often beginning just before first light
The source saysThe American Robin's rich caroling is among the earliest bird songs heard at dawn in spring and summer, often beginning just before first light.
The page saysThe nest is a cup of grasses and twigs worked into a solid foundation of mud
The source saysNest is a cup of grasses, twigs, debris, worked into a solid foundation of mud
The page saysThe female incubates the eggs for 12 to 14 days
The source saysIncubation by female, 12-14 days.
The page saysthe young leave the nest about 14 to 16 days after hatching
The source saysYoung leave the nest about 14-16 days after hatching.
The page saysA pair raises 2 broods a season, sometimes 3
The source says2 broods per season, sometimes 3.
The page saysBecause it is so familiar and occurs around places where people live, the robin sometimes serves as an early warning of environmental problems, such as overuse of pesticides
The source saysBecause it is so familiar and occurs around places where humans live, the American Robin sometimes serves as an early warning of environmental problems, such as overuse of pesticides.
The page saysPale blue, or "robin's-egg blue"
The source saysPale blue or "robin's-egg blue."
The page saysA nest usually holds 4 eggs, sometimes anywhere from 3 to 7
The source saysUsually 4, sometimes 3-7.
The page saysA robin does much of its foraging on the ground, running and pausing on open lawns, and earthworms are on the menu
The source saysDoes much foraging on the ground, running and pausing on open lawns
The page saysA robin's rich caroling is among the earliest bird songs heard at dawn, often beginning just before first light
The source saysThe American Robin's rich caroling is among the earliest bird songs heard at dawn in spring and summer, often beginning just before first light.Note: vibe.reason

Source
04

Montgomerie & Weatherhead 1997

Montgomerie & Weatherhead (1997). How robins find worms. Animal Behaviour.

The page saysfour robins found buried mealworms even with sight, smell and vibration cues removed
The source saysfour American robins, Turdus migratoriusfound buried mealworms in the absence of visual, olfactory and vibrotactile cues
The page saystheir foraging success dropped significantly when white noise obscured sound
The source saysThey also had significantly reduced foraging success when auditory cues were obscured by white noise.
The page saysThe authors say that suggests robins can use hearing to find prey
The source sayssuggesting that they could use auditory cues to locate the prey

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.