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What the sources say

Iberian LynxLynx pardinus

Every figure, record and mechanism on the Iberian Lynx profile was written from a source, and this is the working table behind it: 44 claims checked word for word against these sources. The left column is what the page says. The right column is the source's own words, copied, not paraphrased; a ... marks a cut and[brackets] an insertion. Open any source and check it yourself.

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Source
01

Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan

Lynx pardinus (Spanish lynx). Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

The page saystufted-eared
The source saysblack tufts on the ears and jowls
The page saysMediterranean scrubland below 1,300 m, in a mosaic with open grassland patches and often marsh edges
The source saysIberian lynx require variable terrain below 1300 m, containing a mosaic of closed Mediterranean scrubland interspersed with open patches of grassland, often with marsh ecotonesNote: stats.habitat
The page saysEuropean rabbits make up 80 to 100% of its diet by weight
The source saystheir primary prey is European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which makes up between 80 and 100% of their daily biomass consumptionNote: stats.diet
The page saysA single kill bite that punctures the back of the prey's neck and severs the spinal cord
The source saysallow Iberian lynx to deliver a single kill bite that punctures the back of the neck, thus severing the spinal cordNote: stats.superpower, first clause
The page sayson a diet that is 80 to 100 percent European rabbit
The source sayswhich makes up between 80 and 100% of their daily biomass consumptionNote: stats.superpower, second clause
The page saysa spotted wild cat
The source saysThey have tawny pelage, which is mottled with dark spots
The page saysabout half the size of its close relative, the Eurasian lynx
The source saysIberian lynx are similar in appearance to their close relative, Eurasian lynx, but are about half the size.
The page saysIt weighs 11 to 15 kilograms, averaging 12.8 kilograms
The source saysRange mass 11 to 15 kg ... Average mass 12.8 kg
The page saysmeasures 80 to 130 centimetres long
The source saysRange length 80 to 130 cm
The page saysmales larger than females
The source saysmales are larger than females
The page saysThe oldest wild Iberian lynx on record was 13 years old when it died
The source saysThe oldest wild Iberian lynx was 13 years old at time of death.
The page saysAs a small-prey specialist, it has a foreshortened skull that maximizes the bite force of its canines
The source saysAs small prey specialists, Iberian lynx have a foreshortened skull that maximizes the bite force of the canines.
The page saysCompared with cats that specialize on larger prey, it has a narrower muzzle, longer jaws and smaller canines, and a smaller canine contact area results in more bite force per unit of that area
The source saysthey have more narrow muzzles, longer jaws, and smaller canines than felines that specialize on larger prey ... Small-prey felids have smaller canines that result in a smaller contact area ... a smaller contact area results in increased bite force per unit contact area
The page saysThat lets it deliver a single kill bite that punctures the back of the prey's neck and severs the spinal cord
The source saysThese adaptations provide an advantage when catching small, fast prey and allow Iberian lynx to deliver a single kill bite that punctures the back of the neck, thus severing the spinal cord
The page saysEuropean rabbits make up 80 to 100 percent of what it eats by weight
The source saystheir primary prey is European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which makes up between 80 and 100% of their daily biomass consumption
The page saysa single adult needs 600 to 1,000 kilocalories a day, about the energy contained in one rabbit
The source saysA single adult lynx requires between 600 and 1000 kcal per day, which is approximately the amount of energy contained within a single rabbit.
The page saysWhen rabbits are scarce, it turns to rodents, hares and birds
The source saysWhen European rabbits are scarce, alternative prey items consist of small vertebrates including rodents ( Rodentia ) and European hare ( Lepus granatensis ). They also consume birdsNote: ADW labels Lepus granatensis "European hare"; the page says only "hares"
The page saysIts activity peaks around sunset, when its prey is most active
The source sayswith activity peaking around sunset, when prey is most active
The page saysA lynx's home range spans 4 to 20 square kilometres, depending on prey density and habitat quality, and it travels about 7 kilometres a day within it, mostly searching for prey
The source saysPrey density and habitat quality significantly influence Iberian lynx home-range size, which ranges from 4 to 20 km^2. They travel about 7 km per day within their home range, primarily searching for prey.
The page saysIberian lynxes were once widespread throughout the Iberian Peninsula, but their geographic range has contracted at an alarming rate over the last century and a half
The source saysAlthough they were once widespread throughout the region, their geographic range has contracted at an alarming rate over the last century and a half.Note: "the region" is the Iberian Peninsula named in the sentence before
The page saysIt shrank by nearly 80 percent between 1960 and 1990 alone
The source saysThe most significant period of decline was between 1960 and 1990, during which their range contracted by nearly 80%.
The page saysA 1988 survey estimated about 880 to 1,150 adults, living in nine populations across a very fragmented range
The source saysIn 1988, a survey estimated that there were about 880 to 1150 adult Iberian lynx living in nine populations across a very fragmented range.
The page saysOne adult needs roughly one rabbit's worth of energy a day, while a female with young needs up to three rabbits a day
The source saysA single adult lynx requires between 600 and 1000 kcal per day, which is approximately the amount of energy contained within a single rabbit. An adult female with young requires up to three rabbits per day.Note: FAQ 3
The page saysdangerLevel: Medium
The source saysLike most felids, Iberian lynx frequently hunt alone and kill prey with a single bite to the neck.Note: capability: an 11 to 15 kg cat with a killing bite can injure; ADW also says "no violent attacks against humans have been recorded", so not High
The page saysweightKg: 12.8
The source saysAverage mass 12.8 kg
The page saysa cat whose small canines put more bite force on less contact area
The source saysSmall-prey felids have smaller canines that result in a smaller contact area. When compared to the large, rounded canines found in large-prey cats, a smaller contact area results in increased bite force per unit contact area.
The page saysso a single kill bite punctures the back of the neck and severs the spinal cord
The source saysallow Iberian lynx to deliver a single kill bite that punctures the back of the neck, thus severing the spinal cord

Source
02

Rodríguez 2024

Rodríguez (2024). Lynx pardinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T12520A218695618.

The page saysVulnerable
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Vulnerable (VU).Note: stats.conservationStatus, read through GBIF's copy of the Red List; the assessment DOI (2024) cites the category
The page saysthe IUCN's 2024 assessment lists the species as Vulnerable
The source saysIUCN Red List category: Vulnerable (VU).Note: the reference is the 2024 assessment (DOI 2024-1); the category is read through GBIF's copy

Source
03

Abascal et al. 2016

Abascal et al. (2016). Extreme genomic erosion after recurrent demographic bottlenecks in the highly endangered Iberian lynx. Genome Biology.

The page saysfound only on the Iberian Peninsula
The source saysbeing restricted to the Mediterranean region in the Iberian PeninsulaNote: a 2016 statement of the species' range, replacing ADW's "historical range"
The page saysA steep decline in the second half of the 20th century left fewer than 100 lynxes, fewer than 62 of them mature, in two isolated populations in Andalusia: Doñana and Andújar, in the Sierra Morena
The source saysa steep decline during the second half of the 20th century left less than 100 lynx (less than 62 mature) distributed in the two isolated populations of Doñana and Andújar (Sierra Morena) in Andalusia, southern Spain
The page saysThe IUCN listed the species as Critically Endangered in 2002, 2006 and 2008
The source saysits classification as “critically endangered” in the 2002, 2006, and 2008 IUCN red lists
The page saysFewer than 100 lynxes were left
The source saysa steep decline during the second half of the 20th century left less than 100 lynxNote: blockquote lead-in
The page saysManagement of habitat, prey and non-natural deaths, plus captive breeding, translocation and reintroduction, lifted that to over 300 by 2012, 156 of them mature
The source saysActive conservation in the last 14 years, including in situ management of habitat, prey, and non-natural mortality, captive breeding, translocation, and reintroduction programs, has recovered lynx numbers to over 300 (156 mature) individuals in 2012
The page saysThat 2012 figure led to a downlisting to Endangered in 2015
The source sayshas recovered lynx numbers to over 300 (156 mature) individuals in 2012, leading to its downlisting to “endangered” in the 2015 IUCN red list

Source
04

Kleinman-Ruiz et al. 2022

Kleinman-Ruiz et al. (2022). Purging of deleterious burden in the endangered Iberian lynx. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The page saysclawed its way back from fewer than 100 cats
The source saysits global population dwindled to less than 100 individualsNote: "fewer than" paraphrases "less than"; "clawed its way back" rests on the same passage's "remarkable recovery"
The page saysFewer Than 100 Cats, Then a Recovery
The source saysits global population dwindled to less than 100 individuals. Nonetheless, active conservation efforts, which include in situ, ex situ, and reintroduction programs ( 33 , 34 ), have since kick-started a remarkable recoveryNote: heading
The page saysBy 2020 there were 1,100 free-living lynxes
The source sayshave propelled its population to 1,100 free-living lynxes in 2020

Source
05

Fedriani, Palomares & Delibes 1999

Fedriani, Palomares & Delibes (1999). Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores. Oecologia.

The page saysIn one area of Doñana where the lynx, the red fox and the Eurasian badger live side by side
The source saysred foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were killed by Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus), whereas similar-sized Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) were not ... we compared their diet, activity patterns, and habitat use in an area of Doñana where the three carnivores are sympatric
The page saysa study of their diets found lynxes preying almost uniquely on rabbits, while the omnivorous foxes and badgers also took rabbits as a major prey
The source saysLynxes preyed almost uniquely on European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and though badgers and foxes were omnivorous, rabbits also were a major prey

Source
06

Meli et al. 2009

Meli et al. (2009). Feline Leukemia Virus and Other Pathogens as Important Threats to the Survival of the Critically Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus). PLoS ONE.

The page saysBetween 2003 and 2007, researchers tested 77 of the roughly 200 free-ranging lynxes left in the Doñana and Sierra Morena areas and found fourteen carrying feline leukemia virus
The source saysinfections in 77 of approximately 200 remaining free-ranging Iberian lynxes of the Doñana and Sierra Morena areas, in Southern Spain, between 2003 and 2007 ... Fourteen lynxes were feline leukemia virus (FeLV) provirus-positiveNote: FAQ 2; "roughly" carries the source's "approximately"
The page saysSix of them died during a six-month period in 2007
The source saysDuring a six-month period in 2007, six of the provirus-positive antigenemic lynxes died.Note: FAQ 2
The page saysthe study concluded the infection most likely came from domestic cats straying into lynx habitat
The source saysIt was concluded that the FeLV infection most likely originated from domestic cats invading the lynx's habitats.Note: FAQ 2

Source
07

Lopes-Fernandes, Espírito-Santo & Frazão-Moreira 2018

Lopes-Fernandes, Espírito-Santo & Frazão-Moreira (2018). The return of the Iberian lynx to Portugal: local voices. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.

The page saysIn Portugal, where breeding lynx populations were no longer thought to be present, 27 lynxes were released in the southern Guadiana area between 2015 and 2017, under a reintroduction plan supported by a captive breeding program
The source saysbreeding populations were no longer thought to be present ... In Portugal, 27 animals were released between 2015 and 2017 in the southern Guadiana area (ICNF data). Supported by a captive breeding program, the reintroduction planNote: FAQ 1

How the table was made: a writer drafted the profile from these sources and logged each claim with its quote, a reviewer with nothing but this table checked every sentence said no more than its quote, and a script confirmed each quote appears word for word in the source. The method is in the site'sAbout page.