---
title: "What the sources say about the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug | AnimalTracks.wiki"
description: "45 claims from the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug profile, each beside the words of the source that backs it."
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# What the sources say about the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (*Halyomorpha halys*)

> 45 claims from the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug profile, each beside the words of the source that backs it. A "..." marks a cut in a quote and [brackets] an insertion.

Profile: [Brown Marmorated Stink Bug](https://animaltracks.wiki/animals/brown-marmorated-stink-bug/)

## Brown marmorated stink bug. Penn State Extension.

https://extension.psu.edu/brown-marmorated-stink-bug

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| The shield-shaped bug whose name points to its scent glands | They are "shield" shaped like other stink bugs ... The name "stink bug" refers to the scent glands located on the dorsal surface of the abdomen and the underside of the thorax. (note: tagline) |
| a fruit-eating invader from east Asia | was accidentally introduced from east Asia (China, Japan, Korean) into eastern Pennsylvania ... a variety of fruits (e.g., apples, stone fruits including peaches and apricots (note: tagline) |
| where it turns up in fruit crops and in houses | a serious pest of fruit, vegetable, and other crops. It also becomes a nuisance pest of homes as it is attracted to the outside of houses on warm fall days (note: stats.habitat) |
| Plant fluids from many host plants, including apples, peaches, beans, corn, tomatoes and soybeans | feeds on a wide variety of host plants, including a variety of fruits (e.g., apples, stone fruits including peaches and apricots, figs, mulberries, citrus fruits, and persimmons), crops (e.g., beans, corn, tomatoes and soybeans) (note: stats.diet; plant fluids per ADW below) |
| The "stink bug" in its name refers to its scent glands. | The name "stink bug" refers to the scent glands |
| They sit on top of the abdomen, the rear body section, and under the thorax, the middle section. | scent glands located on the dorsal surface of the abdomen and the underside of the thorax (note: dorsal = top; the glosses 'rear' and 'middle' are definitions of abdomen and thorax, not claims about this species.) |
| The defensive chemicals they make can act as an airborne allergen. | the defensive chemicals can be an aeroallergen (note: rhinitis = nose, conjunctivitis = eyes) |
| Sensitive people can get allergic reactions in the nose and eyes. | can produce allergic reactions (rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis) in individuals who are sensitive to the bugs' odor (note: rhinitis = nose, conjunctivitis = eyes) |
| If the bug is crushed against bare skin, it can cause a skin rash where it touched. | if the insects are crushed or smashed against exposed skin, they can produce dermatitis at the point of contact |
| That seems to affect only a small percentage of people. | it appears to affect only a small percentage of the population |
| An adult is about 17 millimetres long. | Adults are approximately 17 mm (0.66 in) long |
| It is brown and shield-shaped, almost as wide as it is long. | are shades of brown on both the upper and lower body surfaces ... They are "shield" shaped like other stink bugs, almost as wide as they are long |
| In Pennsylvania, adults begin to search for overwintering sites from September through October. | Adults begin to search for overwintering sites starting in September through October. (note: Pennsylvania scope: the life-history paragraph opens 'This species probably has a single generation per year in Pennsylvania'.) |
| Penn State Extension says that on warm fall days they are drawn to the outside of houses in search of sheltered spots for winter, and can enter in large numbers. | it is attracted to the outside of houses on warm fall days in search of protected, overwintering sites and can enter houses in large numbers |
| It feeds on a wide range of plants, including apples, peaches, beans, corn, tomatoes and soybeans. | feeds on a wide variety of host plants, including a variety of fruits (e.g., apples, stone fruits including peaches and apricots, figs, mulberries, citrus fruits, and persimmons), crops (e.g., beans, corn, tomatoes and soybeans) |
| On apples, its feeding leaves a distortion called "cat facing", which makes the fruit unmarketable as a fresh product. | Feeding on tree fruits such as apples results in a characteristic distortion referred to as "cat facing," which renders the fruit unmarketable as a fresh product |
| It was accidentally introduced into eastern Pennsylvania and first collected in Allentown in 1998, although it probably arrived several years earlier. | was accidentally introduced from east Asia (China, Japan, Korean) into eastern Pennsylvania and was first collected in Allentown in 1998, although it probably arrived several years earlier |
| A Penn State Extension fact sheet revised in December 2017 | Revised by Michael Skvarla, Insect Identification Laboratory Director & Extension Educator, December 2017. |
| said it had spread throughout most of eastern and western North America. | It has since spread throughout most of eastern and western of North America (note: source wording 'eastern and western of North America' (sic).) |
| No. Penn State Extension says the bugs do not reproduce inside buildings or cause damage there. | The stink bug will not reproduce inside structures or cause damage. |
| Their smell is the problem: if many are crushed or sucked into a vacuum cleaner, it can be quite apparent. | If many of them are crushed or sucked into a vacuum cleaner, their smell can be quite apparent. |
| The extension calls keeping them out mechanically the best method: cracks around windows, doors and siding should be sealed with caulk. | Mechanical exclusion is the best method to keep stink bugs from entering homes and buildings. Cracks around windows, doors, siding, utility pipes, behind chimneys, and underneath the wood fascia and other openings should be sealed with good quality silicone or silicone-latex caulk. |
| Eggs are attached to the underside of leaves in masses of 20 to 30. | They are attached, side-by-side, to the underside of leaves in masses of 20 to 30 eggs. |
| The nymphs that hatch go through five stages called instars, growing from 2.4 millimetres in the first to 12 millimetres in the fifth. | There are five nymphal instars (immature stages). They range in size from the first instar at 2.4 mm to the fifth instar that is 12 mm in length. |
| Adults emerge in spring, from late April to mid-May, in Pennsylvania. | Adults emerge in the spring (late April to mid-May) (note: Pennsylvania scope: the same section is headed 'in Pennsylvania' ('single generation per year in Pennsylvania').) |

## Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug). Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Halyomorpha_halys/

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| Not Evaluated | IUCN Red List No special status (note: ADW lists no special IUCN status; the prefetch found no Red List assessment DOI and GBIF holds no category for this name.) |
| Plant fluids from many host plants | capable of drinking fluids possessed in plants and their fruits (note: stats.diet) |
| Animal Diversity Web lists a wild lifespan of 8 to 10 months. | Range lifespan Status: wild 8 to 10 months (note: ADW only; two searches (audit:sources --search, longevity and body mass) found no current source.) |
| Its mouthparts are straw-like and made for sucking. | mouthparts specialized for sucking that are straw-like in appearance |

## Leskey & Nielsen (2018). Impact of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in North America and Europe: History, Biology, Ecology, and Management. Annual Review of Entomology.

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043226

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| that has reached North America and Europe | an invasive pentatomid introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile (note: tagline) |
| introduced to North America and Europe | introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile (note: stats.habitat; 2018 review) |
| In 2010, bug numbers in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels, and feeding severely damaged tree fruit. | In 2010, BMSB populations in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels and subsequent feeding severely damaged tree fruit as well as other crops. |
| A 2018 review listed introductions into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries and Chile. | introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile (note: 2018 is the reference's year field.) |

## Lee & Leskey (2015). Flight behavior of foraging and overwintering brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research.

https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000462

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| In 22-hour tests on a flight mill, a lab device that measures flight, the average male flew 2,442 metres and the average female 2,083 metres. | Flight mills were used to measure the baseline flight capacity of adults ... The mean flight distances over a 22-h period were 2442 and 2083 m for male and female, respectively. (note: 'lab device' from 'under laboratory ... conditions' in the same abstract.) |
| Most bugs (89%) flew under 5 kilometres in the test, though some flew much further, with a maximum of 117 kilometres. | Most individuals (89%) flew <5 km, though some flew much further with a maximum flight distance observed of 117 km. (note: Full text: 117 km was a foraging male on the same 22-h flight mill test ('For the foraging population, the maximum flight distances observed were 117 and 26 km').) |
| In a still-air test, 83% of the bugs took off, but under 10% did once the wind reached 0.75 metres per second. | when provided with still air conditions, 83% of individuals took off, but the rates decreased to <10% when wind speed was increased to or above 0.75 m s-1 |
| Temperature mattered too: 3% took off at 10 to 15 degrees C, against 87% at 25 to 30 degrees C. | When the temperature was at 10-15°C, 3% of individuals took off, but the proportion of H. halys taking flight increased to 61, 84, and 87% at 15-20, 20-25, and 25-30°C, respectively. |

## Khrimian et al. (2014). Discovery of the Aggregation Pheromone of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ( Halyomorpha halys ) through the Creation of Stereoisomeric Libraries of 1-Bisabolen-3-ols. Journal of Natural Products.

https://doi.org/10.1021/np5003753

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| A male-produced aggregation pheromone that attracted females, males and nymphs in field trials | a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys ... Both compounds attracted female, male, and nymphal H. halys in field trials. (note: stats.superpower) |
| Males make an aggregation pheromone, a chemical signal that gathers bugs in one place. | a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug (note: 'gathers bugs' glosses 'aggregation'; the quote that it attracts is in the next claim.) |
| In field trials, its two main ingredients attracted females, males and nymphs, the young bugs. | Two of the epoxides ... were identified as the main components of a male-produced aggregation pheromone ... Both compounds attracted female, male, and nymphal H. halys in field trials. |
| Mixtures that held related chemicals alongside those two attracted them too, and the researchers say relatively inexpensive mixtures can be used in monitoring and control. | mixtures of stereoisomers containing epoxides 3 and 4 were also attractive to H. halys, signifying that the presence of additional stereoisomers did not hinder attraction of H. halys and relatively inexpensive mixtures can be used in monitoring, as well as control strategies |
| males make an aggregation pheromone that attracted females, males and nymphs in field trials | a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys ... Both compounds attracted female, male, and nymphal H. halys in field trials. (note: vibe.reason, animal half) |

## Zhu et al. (2012). Potential Geographic Distribution of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Invasion (Halyomorpha halys). PLoS ONE.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031246

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| Europe's first report came in 2008, near Zurich, Switzerland. | In 2008, the species was first reported in Europe near Zürich, Switzerland |

## Lee et al. (2013). Review of the Biology, Ecology, and Management of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Environmental Entomology.

https://doi.org/10.1603/en13006

| The page says | The source says |
| :--- | :--- |
| Native to China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan | Native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (note: stats.habitat) |
| Its native range is China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. | Native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan |